We investigate the distinguishing index D′(G) of a graph G as the least number d such that G has an edge-colouring with d colours that is only preserved by the trivial automorphism. This is an analog to the notion of the distinguishing number D(G) of a graph G, which is defined for colourings of vertices. We obtain a general upper bound D′(G) ≤ ∆(G) unless G is a small cycle C3, C4 or C5. We al...

The output of RC4 was analyzed using the ”book stack” test for randomness from [7]. It is experimentally shown that the keystream generated from RC4 can be distinguished from random with about 232 output bits.

The fixing number of a graph G is the smallest cardinality of a set of vertices S such that only the trivial automorphism of G fixes every vertex in S. The fixing set of a group Γ is the set of all fixing numbers of finite graphs with automorphism group Γ. Several authors have studied the distinguishing number of a graph, the smallest number of labels needed to label G so that the automorphism ...

Abstract Objective Turn sections represent the second largest part of total race time in 1500 m freestyle races and may substantially affect results. Therefore, aim study was to investigate individual strategies compare effect start, swim, turn performances between short-course long-course races. Video footages were collected from all 16 male finalists at 2018 short 2019 World swimming champion...

‎let $g$ be a graph and $chi^{prime}_{aa}(g)$ denotes the minimum number of colors required for an‎ ‎acyclic edge coloring of $g$ in which no two adjacent vertices are incident to edges colored with the same set of colors‎. ‎we prove a general bound for $chi^{prime}_{aa}(gsquare h)$ for any two graphs $g$ and $h$‎. ‎we also determine‎ ‎exact value of this parameter for the cartesian product of ...

Q-methodology was introduced more than 80 years ago to study subjective topics such as attitudes, perceptions, preferences, and feelings and there has not been much change in its statistical components since then. In Q-methodology, subjective topics are studied using a combination of qualitative and quantitative techniques. It involves development of a sample of statements and rank-ordering the...

Distinct automatic and controlled processes are presumed to influence social evaluation. Most empirical approaches examine automatic processes using indirect methods, and controlled processes using direct methods. We distinguished processes from measurement methods to test whether a process distinction is more useful than a measurement distinction for taxonomies of attitudes. Results from two s...

One disadvantage of the JCR impact factor, the most commonly used assessment tool for ranking and evaluating scientific journals, is its inability in distinguishing among different shapes of citation distribution curves, leading to unfair evaluation of journals in some cases. This paper aims to put forward an alternative impact factor (IF') that can properly reflect citation distributions. The ...