epizoochory and endozoochory are well-known mechanisms by which seeds are dispersed by animals. since, livestock gather around the watering-points to rest and drink, we expected to find that seeds would be frequently moved to the areas surrounding watering-points, resulting a higher soil seed density (and diversity) closest to the water. we investigated this issue by assessing soil seed bank de...

Harvester ants are known as one of the most renowned bio-disturbances in the arid and semi-arid ecosystems that affecte vegetation by collecting seeds and harvesting plants. It seems that physiognomy of plant association in steppe shrub land of Roodshoor, Saveh, Iran has been highly changed by harvester ants’ activities that caused to conduct this research. The study was carried out on active a...

Understanding the plant species diversity could be used as an importantindicator applied for the natural areas management. The aim of this study was toinvestigate the relationships between soil characterizes with distribution and diversity ofplant in vegetation types in Karvan district (located in west of Isfahan province). For thispurpose, three vegetation types were selected as follows: Scari...

Not all of the Sudan has been covered by post studies; and parts of it seemed more favoured research topic of the others. The first attempt to study the flora of the study area was in 1958, which included in the work of Harrison and Jackson about classification of the Sudan vegetation. The study area was very rich of plant diversity, especially trees and shrubs, because of the high rainfall and...

We examined species density gradients of ants of New England in 22 ombrotrophic bogs and their surrounding forests. We tested the hypothesis that species density was correlated with large-scale geographic variables (latitude, longitude, elevation) and small-scale site variables (habitat area, vegetation composition, light availability). Species density was consistently higher in forests than in...