The Chip Authentication Programme (CAP) has been introduced by banks in Europe to deal with the soaring losses due to online banking fraud. A handheld reader is used together with the customer’s debit card to generate one-time codes for both login and transaction authentication. The CAP protocol is not public, and was rolled out without any public scrutiny. We reverse engineered the UK variant ...

Over the last decade, we have witnessed payment innovations that fundamentally have changed the ways we pay. Payment innovations, such as mobile payments and on-line banking, include characteristics or features that are essential to understand if we want to know how and why payers choose among payment innovations. Using the Repertory Grid technique to explore 15 payers’ perception of six paymen...

Providing basic financial services to rural people can enhance their security by eliminating the need for them to hold cash and can offer them alternative venues for borrowing. Placing a branch in rural villages is not however cost effective. In recent years, the concept of branchless banking has emerged in which a person who has a phone and sufficient liquidity (called a shopkeeper hereafter) ...

In this paper, we propose to build an Aadhaar-Based Unified Payment Solution. The key idea is that a virtual wallet will be linked to the Aadhaar card number of the customer. After that, any identification unique to the person and linked with the Aadhaar card, be it something the person knows like secret Internet-banking password, be it something s/he carries like debit card/ credit card, somet...

The purpose of the study is to investigate determinants of Internet banking adoption based on an individual’s benefits and costs of adopting Internet banking. Using data from the 2001 Survey of Consumer Finances, this paper estimates an adoption model for Internet banking. Our findings show that consumers’ ability, attitude and opportunity cost of time play a significant role on the decision of...

Genomes have both deterministic and random aspects, with the underlying DNA sequences exhibiting features at numerous scales, from codons to regions of conserved or divergent gene order. This work examines the unique manner in which oligonucleotides fit together to comprise a genome, within a graph-theoretic setting. A de Bruijn chain (DBC) is a generalization of a finite Markov chain. A DNA wo...

Deleted in breast cancer-1 (DBC1) contributes to the regulation of cell survival and apoptosis. Recent studies demonstrated that DBC is phosphorylated at Thr454 by ATM/ATR kinases in response to DNA damage, which is a critical event for p53 activation and apoptosis. However, how DBC1 phosphorylation is regulated has not been studied. Here we show that protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) dephosphorylate...

Electronic commerce involves a wide range of activities. The goal of electronic commerce is to improve the way in which business is conducted, through technology. This could be as simple as establishing a computer-mediated relationship between consumer and business, between business and supplier, or between supplier and manufacturer. It could involve automation of existing business systems, suc...

The whole framework of the new generation campus smart card system based on the mobile communication is designed in this article, and it realizes two technical breakthroughs when it could remain compatible with the existing campus smart card system platform. The first technology is that the design could use the wireless POS based on GPRS network to substitute the wire POS to implement the onlin...