Cognitive effort and self-control are exhausting. Although evidence is ambiguous, behavioural studies have repeatedly suggested that control-demanding tasks seem to deplete a limited cache of self-regulatory resources leading to performance degradations and fatigue. While resource depletion has indirectly been associated with a decline in right prefrontal cortex capacity, its precise neural und...

UNLABELLED Few studies have examined the involvement of specific subregions of the prefrontal cortex in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). We analyzed cortical thickness to identify morphologic differences in local brain structures between patients with CRPS and healthy control subjects (HCs). Furthermore, we evaluated the correlation between cortical thickness and neurocognitive function. ...

Despite increasing evidence of the role of the prefrontal cortex in providing the neural substrate of higher cognitive function and neurodevelopment, little is known about neuroanatomic changes in prefrontal subregions during human development. In this prospective study, we evaluated prefrontal gray and white matter volume in healthy infants, children, adolescents, and adults. Magnetic resonanc...

bstract—Working memory is a mechanism for short-term ctive maintenance of information as well as for processing aintained information. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as been known to participate in working memory. The analsis of task-related dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity hile monkeys performed a variety of working memory tasks evealed that delay-period activity is a neural correla...

Results: (1) Individuals with CUD had reductions in GMV in the orbitofrontal, dorsolateral prefrontal, and temporal cortex and the hippocampus compared with controls. (2) The orbitofrontal cortex reductions were uniquely driven by CUD with low-MAOA genotype and by lifetime cocaine use. (3) The GMV in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus was driven by lifetime alcohol use beyond th...

BACKGROUND A low level of response to alcohol is a major risk factor for the development of alcohol dependence, but neural correlates of this marker are unclear. METHOD Ten healthy volunteers were classified by median split on level of response to alcohol and underwent 2 sessions of functional magnetic resonance imaging following ingestion of a moderate dose of alcohol and a placebo. The bloo...

The search for the underlying neural activation that occurs during subjective aesthetic experiences of artwork has been enhanced through neuroimaging techniques. Recently, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, alongside the orbitofrontal cortex, have been implicated in aesthetic appreciation, and this is the focus of the present paper. Here, the validity of this conclusion is examined through the...

Temporal prediction of future events, especially regarding reward delivery, is critical for controlling/learning purposeful behavior. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been considered to be involved in behavioral control based on prospective coding for future events, including reward. Thus this area is likely to have a neuronal mechanism responsible for temporal prediction of forth...

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is often targeted with non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) to modulate in vivo human behaviors. This brain region plays a key role in mood, emotional processing, and attentional processing of emotional information. In this article, we ask the question: when we target the DLPFC with NIBS, do we modulate these processes altogether, non-specifically, or...

We use rules to extend learned behavior beyond specific instances to general scenarios. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is thought to play an important role in representing rules, as evidenced by subjects who have difficulty in following rules after PFC damage and by animal studies demonstrating rule sensitivity of individual PFC neurons. How rules are instantiated at the single-neuronal level in t...