In the preceding paper it was shown that a phospholipase prepared,from Penicllium notatum will hydrolyse lecithin only after the, addition,, of a minimum proportion of anionic amphipathic molecules1 e.g. dicetylphosphoric acid, cardiolipin, sodium dodecyl sulphate (Bangham & Dawson, 1959), The onset of hydrolysis occurred, only when the emulsion particles carried a minimum net negative charge, ...

objective(s) theophylline, a xanthenes derivative, is still widely used as an effective bronchodilator in the management of asthmatic patients. it is used both as a prophylactic drug and to prevent acute exacerbations of asthma. the aim of study was to formulate and evaluate effect of the microencapsulation of theophylline loaded nanoparticles on the reduction of burst release. materials and me...

The dynamic breakup of emulsion droplets was demonstrated in double-layered microfluidic devices equipped with designed pneumatic actuators. Uniform emulsion droplets, produced by shearing at a T-junction, were broken into smaller droplets when they passed downstream through constrictions formed by a pneumatically actuated valve in the upper control layer. The valve-assisted droplet breakup was...

Microdroplets are widely used for industrial applications such as food, drug, biotechnology and new materials. This review will summarise the key development in microdrop technologies, especially double-emulsion droplet technologies, with a focus on microchip-based techniques. For completeness, the key topics in single emulsion droplets such as generation, control and application will be briefl...

Development of artificial cell models requires encapsulation of biomolecules within membrane-bound compartments. There have been limited studies of using mammalian cell-free expression (CFE) system as the 'cytosol' of artificial cells. We exploit glass capillary droplet microfluidics for the encapsulation of mammalian CFE within double emulsion templated vesicles. The complexity of the physicoc...

aluminum is very sensitive to oxidation reactions. if a fresh surface of melt is exposed to air, it oxidizes quickly and an oxide layer covers the melt surface. new oxide films formed in a very short time during casting are thin and folded. the metal surface can be folded and create a double-oxide film as a result of the melt turbulence. the entrance of this double-oxide film into the melt is o...

Photo-responsive double emulsions made of liquid crystal (LC) were prepared by a microfluidic device, and the light-induced processes were studied. The phase transition was induced from the center of the topological defect for an emulsion made of (N-(4-methoxybenzylidene)4-butylaniline (MBBA), and strange texture change was observed for an emulsion made of 4-cyano-4′pentylbiphenyl (5CB) doped w...

We investigate the formation of polymer vesicles, or polymersomes, of polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymers using double emulsion droplets of controlled architecture as templates. To engineer the structure of the polymersomes, it is important to consider the concentration of diblock copolymer in the middle phase of the double emulsion. We describe how the presence of excess ...

In a recent Letter [N. D. Denkov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 138301 (2008)] we calculated theoretically the macroscopic viscous stress of steadily sheared foam or emulsion from the energy dissipated inside the transient planar films, formed between neighboring bubbles or drops in the shear flow. The model predicts that the viscous stress in these systems should be proportional to Ca 1/2, where Ca is...

The use of nuclear emulsions to record tracks of charged particles with an accuracy of better than 1 micron is possible in large physics experiments thanks to the recent improvements in the industrial production of emulsions and to the development of fast automated microscopes. The European Scanning System (ESS) is a fast automatic system developed for the mass scanning of the emulsions of the ...