in iran, for column design, double i shape section is used due to lack of ipb profile. double i shape column performance is ambiguous in existing steel structures, especially when subjected to seismic loading. in this paper, double i shape column behavior is evaluated with 3d nonlinear analyses. monotonic behavior of 6 specimens and hysteretic behavior of other six specimens have been simulated...

The effect of single and double-layer anti-reflective coatings on efficiency enhancement of silicon solar cells was investigated. The reflectance of different anti-reflection structures were calculated using the transfer matrix method and then to predict the performance of solar cells coated by these structures, the weighted average reflectance curves were used as an input of a PC1D simulation....

This paper estimates, using a large panel data set from rural Bangladesh, the effects of health shocks on household consumption and how access to microcredit affects households’ response to such shocks. Our results suggest that even though in general consumption remains stable in many cases when households are exposed to health shocks, households that have access to microcredit appear to cope (...

The paper applies survival analysis to identify the determinants of terrorist group duration. Our sample includes 367 terrorist organizations that operated during 1970–2007. Consistent with the theory, determinants of these groups’ survival include their tactics, size, ideological basis, region of operation, and base-country characteristics. Cross-sectional and panel estimates are provided. Ter...

Economists have long observed that crowding out of government grants to private charities is incomplete. The accepted belief is that givers treat the grants as imperfect substitutes for private giving. We theoretically and empirically investigate a second reason: the strategic response of a charity will be to reduce fund-raising efforts after receiving a grant. Employing panel data from arts an...

sandwich panel with central core honeycomb aluminum as one of the main shielding structures because of their high strength-to-weight ratio and improved energy absorption capacity, has been attracted the attention of many researchers and practitioners in recent years. this paper initiates and presents a new type of central core honeycomb formed by hydroforming process. the study is augmented by ...