Up to this point) you have searched for literature on the topic of your review) made careful notes on specific details of the literature, and analyzed these details to identify patterns, relationships among studies, and gaps in the body of literature, as well as strengths and weaknesses in particular research studies. Then, in Chapter 8, you reorganized your notes and developed a detailed writi...

this study investigated the comparative effect of teaching idiomatic expressions through practicing them in conversation and paragraph writing on intermediate efl learners’ idiom learning. the participants were sorted out of a population of 134 intermediate students in zabansara language school in khorramabad based on their scores on a preliminary english test (pet) and an idiom test piloted in...

The purpose of the first draft is to get one’s ideas on paper and to try out a plan of organization for those ideas. Of course, it should follow the outline that you have prepared beforehand! Much of the effort of a first draft is experimental. For example when writing, one should err toward including, rather than excluding, information and ideas. That is, the first draft is the time to see whe...

This paper presents the work carried out under the umbrella of the EU-funded project BenToWeb to develop a complete XHTML 1.0 test suite for the W3C’s Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0. Initial work covered the June 2005 working draft, which was subsequently updated to the April 2006 working draft (“last call”). At the time of writing, a thorough evaluation, involving end users, is being...

Authors’ contributions MA and AK were involved in study design, data collection and drafted first manuscript. KH was involved in data collection. AM carried out the statistical analysis. RW was involved in draft revisions and manuscript preparation for publication. EB and MK participated in both study design and data collection. RS participated in data analysis. PR involved in drafting first ma...

Special thanks are offered to William Mates who assisted me in organizing and writing the initial draft of this m.anuscript. Also, I would like to thank Ernst Stromsdorfer and Terry Hedrick for their comments on an earlier draft; both aided in correcting errors and provided the needed push to be concise. Finally, Carolanne Foilb and Ruth Fuquen who put this in its final form; their contribution...

The goal of our research is to provide computer support for distributed collaborative writing. Writers can be said to be distributed when they have distributed knowledge and skill, and they share that knowledge and skill in order to develop a draft; or, even when they have significant overlap in knowledge and skill, they distribute the work of producing the draft itself among them. But in this ...

Background: The piracetam analog, aniracetam, has recently received attention for its cognition enhancing potential, with minimal reported side effects. Previous studies report the drug to be effective in both human and non-human models with pre-existing cognitive dysfunction, but few studies have evaluated its efficacy in healthy subjects. A previous study performed in our laboratory found no...

Most learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) consider writing challenging task, and they experience difficulties such organizing thoughts, selecting relevant words to represent their views, producing rhetorical patterns specific the target culture. Research into L2 suggests that collaboration in classroom can assist students set goals, generate ideas, write edit, reflect on task. The ef...