Using a dataset of over 1.9 million messages posted on Twitter by about 25,000 ISIS members, we explore how ISIS makes use of social media to spread its propaganda and to recruit militants from the Arab world and across the globe. By distinguishing between violence-driven, theological, and sectarian content, we trace the connection between online rhetoric and key events on the ground. To the be...

Mark D. Gross, Department of Planning and Design, University of Colorado People draw diagrams and sketches to think, argue, and communicate about problems in domains ranging from mechanical engineering to music. To understand a problem better, mathematician George Polya advised, “Draw a figure ... even if your problem is not a problem of geometry.”1 We can debate whether making a figure really ...

Forward osmosis with an ammonium bicarbonate draw solution was investigated as a low energy non-sewered sanitation solution, to recover nutrients and water from source separated urine. Stored urine collected Urine Diversion Dry Toilets in the eThekwini Municipality (Durban), South Africa used feed solution. Water recoveries of up 45.9% fluxes 6.0 L m −2 h −1 were achieved using undiluted stored...

Polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA) is a green corrosion scale inhibitor. When PESA is used for wastewater desalination in the forward osmosis (FO) process, the diluted PESA solution could be used for cooling systems. In our investigation, the effects of membrane orientation, temperature and flow rate on FO performance are studied using PESA as a draw solute. The results show that the effect of tempe...