low molecular weight heparin-modified isoliquiritigenin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticle (lmwh-isl-sln) was developed for injective application. the morphological observation, particle diameter and zeta potential of lmwh-isl-sln were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (tem) and a malvern zetasizer. its entrapment efficiency (ee) and drug loading (dl) were determined by ultracen...

Objective(s): Irinotecan is a potent anti-cancer drug from camptothecin group which inhibits topoisomerase I. Recently, biodegradable and biocompatible polymers such as poly lactide-co-glycolides (PLGA) have been considered for the preparation of nanoparticles (NPs). Materials and Methods: In this study, irinotecan loaded PLGA NPs were fabricated by an emulsification/solvent diffusion method to...

In this paper, a bi-objective pharmaceutical supply chain network under uncertainty demand and transportation costs is modeled and developed. To control the uncertainty parameters, the robust optimization method is considering. The main objective of this paper determines the number and location of potential facilities such as drug manufacture centers and drug distribution centers by considering...

An example from the literature has been used to demonstrate errors involved in calculating drug clearance by inappropriate use of the apparent drug distribution volume Vdext. The Vdext is always an overestimate of the true volume of distribution in a multicompartment system, and the degree of overestimation in using it to calculate clearance for such a system will increase as renal function inc...

background spinal anesthesia is an important and commonly used method for surgical anesthetic in operating rooms. however, even with identical drug dosage and administration mode, the extent of drug distribution in vivo is highly variable and difficult to control. preanesthetic administration of fluids immediately before spinal anesthesia (preload) is normal practice. the choice of fluid type m...

Lower bound Here we describe the densities on the two manifolds M1 and M2. There are two sets of interest to us: W1 = M1 \M2 which corresponds to the two “holes” of radius 4τ in the annulus, and W2 = M2\M1 which corresponds to the d-dimensional piece added to smoothly join the inner pieces of the two annuli in M2. By construction, vol(W1) = 2vd(4τ) d where vd is the volume of the unit d-ball. v...