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The GEM-E3 model starts from the same basic structure as the standard World Bank models2. Following the tradition of these models, GEM-E3 is built on the basis of a Social Accounting Matrix (Decaluwe, Martens and Monette 1987; Decaluwe and Martens 1988) and explicitly formulates demand and supply equilibrium. Technical coefficients in production and demand are flexible in the sense that produce...

Abstract The construction sector is the second largest area for application plastics. Due to long life times of products, implementation circular economy faces its own challenges. To investigate this challenge, study covers a market Germany, voluntary take-back and recycling schemes as well use plastic recyclates in products. In addition, packaging products covered. Opportunities barriers recyc...

Cognitive products are tangible and durable things with cognitive capabilities that meet and exceed user expectations by using cognitive functions, e.g. to perceive, to learn, to reason, etc., to reduce the need for human input. This paper presents a model-based assessment of the solution space for cognitive products. So far, the design of cognitive products has been based on prototype-oriented...

this paper presents a theoretical model in order to determine tile expected rate of durable good`s supply over time. the social plaliner maximizes tile sum of the discount ed net benefit. subject to the stochastic fluctuation in the stock of durable goods. it turns out that a social planner increases the expected rate of supply since uncertainty increases the user's loss from the view poin...

In order to be competitive aerospace companies need to produce cheaper, stronger, safer and more durable products. Environmental pressures have also highlighted the need to minimise the use of energy and the need for lighter vehicles. All these objectives have to be achieved while maintaining safety and durability. At the same time there is a worldwide trend towards operating aircraft beyond th...

In this study, Cu, Ag, and Fe nanoparticles (NPs) are used in shampoo, hand washing liquid (HWL) and dish washing liquid (DWL) instead of the conventional synthetic preservatives such as isothiazolinones; since the latter often act as potent sensitizers that leads to development of allergic contact dermatitis. The above NPs are considerably effective against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus ...

Consumption is the principal feature of Iran’s Gross National Production. Therefore, recognizing of factors that influence it is quite crucial. This article, investigates habit formation, durability, relative risk aversion and intertemporal substitution in consumption expenditures of Iranian households. For empirical study, at first, we constructed two weighted portfolio of the main assets re...