honey is a by-product of flower nectar and the upper aero-digestive tract of the honey bee, which is concentrated through a dehydration process inside the bee hive. honey has a very complex chemical composition that varies depending on the botanical source. it has been used both as food and medicine since ancient times. human use of honey is traced to some 8000 years ago as depicted by stone ag...

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is a fundamental process in cell biology and has been extensively investigated over the past several decades. Every cell biologist learns about it at some point during his or her education, and the beauty of this process has led many of us to go deeper and make it the topic of our research. Great progress has been made toward elucidating the mechanisms of CME...

Irreversibility is usually captured by a comparison between the process that happens and corresponding "reverse process". In last decades, this has been extensively studied through fluctuation relations. Here we revisit relations from standpoint, suggested decades ago Watanabe, should involve prediction retrodiction on unique process, rather than two processes. We identify necessary sufficient ...

BACKGROUND Assessing growth is a useful tool for defining health and nutritional status of children. The objective of this study was to construct growth reference curves of Iranian infants and children (0-6 years old) and compare them with previous and international references. METHODS Weight, height or length of 2107 Iranian infants and children aged 0-6 years old were measured using a cross...

Current research in natural language generation is situated in a computational linguistics tradition that was founded several decades ago. We critically analyse some of the architectural assumptions underlying existing systems and point out some problems in the domains of text planning and lexicalization. Guided by the identification of major generation challenges viewed from the angles of know...

The service sector is a that increasingly playing large and essential role in many countries, including Indonesia. Currently, the contributes more than 45% of economic value-added absorbs 35% workforce. Nevertheless, sector's critical economy comes from direct impact through its proportion to GDP or labor statistics as an intermediate input enabler for all activity. Even since crisis hit Asia s...

Several decades ago, Wheeler and Misner presented a model of electric charge ("charge without charge") based on the topological trapping of electric field lines in wormholes. In this paper, which does not argue for or against the "charge without charge" concept, I describe some generalizations of this model which might serve as topological analogs of color charges and electroweak charges.