The detection and atmospheric characterization of super-Earths is one of the major frontiers of exoplanetary science. Currently, extensive efforts are underway to detect molecules, particularly H2O, in super-Earth atmospheres. In the present work, we develop a systematic set of strategies to identify and observe potentially H2O-rich super-Earths that provide the best prospects for characterizin...

The rheological properties of the mantle of super-Earths have important influences on their orbital and thermal evolution. Mineral physics observations are reviewed to obtain some insights into the rheological properties of deep mantles of these planets where pressure can be as high as 1 TPa. It is shown that, in contrast to a conventional view that the viscosity of a solid increases with press...

The recent interest in the anticoagulant action of heparin has led us to seek a substance which might be similar in action but less expensive and simpler to administer. The anticoagulant effect of various rare earths given intravenously has been studied in lower animals (1, 2, 3). As far back as 1920, Esnault and Brou (4), and Grenet and Drouin (5) injected rare earths in 40 to 100 mgm. doses i...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: pressure-induced phase transition postperovskite super-Earth 10 solar giants first principles The fate of MgSiO 3 post-perovskite under TPa pressures is key information for understanding and modeling interiors of super-Earths-type exoplanets and solar giants' cores. Here, we report a dissociation of MgSiO 3 post-perovskite into CsCl-type MgO and P2 1 /c-type MgSi...

Exoplanet research focusing on the characterization of super-Earths is currently limited to the handful of targets orbiting bright stars that are amenable to detailed study. This Letter proposes to look at alternative avenues to probe the surface and atmospheric properties of this category of planets, known to be ubiquitous in our galaxy. I conduct Markov Chain Monte Carlo light-curves analyses...

A procedure for the efficient extraction and separation of rare earths and other valuable elements from used NdFeB permanent magnets is presented. In a first step, an iron free leachate is prepared from an used magnet using nitric acid. Cobalt is separated through a liquid–liquid extraction in aqueous nitrate media using as organic phase the ionic liquid trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium nitrate ...

Although most of the rare earth metals were discovered in Sweden, the industrialisation started in the Austrian Empire. This was due to the fact that the Swedish chemist Jons Fridrik Bahr (1815–1875) from Uppsala went to Heidelberg in Germany in 1855 to analyse some rare earth minerals by the spectroscope discovered recently by chemistry professor Robert Bunsen (1811– 1899) and his colleague ph...