Standard economic models tend to be more speci…c about pecuniary payo¤s than non-pecuniary payo¤s to education. Based on Akerlof and Kranton (2000), we consider a model of career choice and identity where individuals derive nonpecuniary identity payo¤s. Using factor analysis on a range of attitude questions, we …nd two factors related to identity (career orientation and social orientation), whi...

Although non-R&D innovation activities account for a significant portion of innovation efforts carried out across very heterogeneous economies in Europe, how to incorporate them in to economic models is not always straightforward. For instance, the traditional macro approach to estimating the determinants of total factor productivity (TFP) does not handle them well. To counter these problems, t...

This goal of this paper is to provide a framework by which China should accelerate the development and production of new energy vehicles, which should effectively address current energy and environmental pressures, while promoting the sustainable development of the automotive industry, which is an urgent task. In addition, this paper provides guidelines that seek to transform China’s auto indus...

present paper is an attempt to estimate the impact of economic and geographic indicators in trade among islamic countries according to a bilateral trade model as gravity model, and study the relationship between economy, geography and trade in this way. fixed effect version of the panel data estimation producer with oic member country data spanning over the 2007–2012. the result of this researc...

Mental rotation and line angle judgment performance were assessed in more than 90,000 women and 111,000 men from 53 nations. In all nations, men's mean performance exceeded women's on these two visuospatial tasks. Gender equality (as assessed by United Nations indices) and economic development (as assessed by per capita income and life expectancy) were significantly associated, across nations, ...

As the subject of how economic development affects the quality of the natural environment has gained great momentum, this paper focuses on examining the extent to which the openness of a market economy and the quality of the institution affect environmental performance. The majority of the current studies focus on the Environmental Kuznets Curve and the level of economic growth. This paper addr...