vi 1 Definitions and Dimensions of Livelihood Diversification 1 1.1 Definitions of diversification: multiplicity and/or change? 1 1.2 Livelihoods in the economy: basic dimensions of livelihood activities 1 2 Structural Transformation and the Non-farm Economy 4 2.1 Industrialisation and urbanisation 4 2.2 Regional growth theory and the rise and fall of the rural non-farm economy 5 2.3 Global str...

Natural resource based activities contribute a substantial share to the economic development of the developing countries including Pakistan. The communities inhabiting the remote and marginal mountainous areas in particular, depend heavily on natural resources to sustain their livelihood. Three major resources i.e. land; forests and water support the livelihood of mountains’ inhabitants. Due to...

This paper outlines the emergence of pastoral settlements in urban and peri-urban spaces of Ethiopia focusing on Yabello, the present capital of Borana zone. By doing so, the paper seeks to contribute to ongoing debates on the manner in which pastoral livelihoods are changing in Ethiopia, and elsewhere in Africa. More specifically, a livelihoods approach is adopted to examine the wellbeing of B...

The costs of COPD are enormous. The economic burden upon the health care system, society at large, and affected patients and their families is staggering. Costs, both economic and human, associated with medical and auxiliary care, loss of livelihood, diminished quality of life and reduced life expectancy cannot be estimated. As knowledge of the pathophysiology of COPD expands, as awareness of t...

This article examines lake drying and livelihood dynamics in the context of multiple stressors through a case study of the "Small Lake Chad" in the Republic of Chad. Livelihoods research in regions experiencing persistent lake water fluctuations has largely focused on the well-being and security of lakeshore dwellers. Little is known about the mechanisms through which lake drying shapes livelih...

The study was attempted to assess the impact of viable backyard based technological interventions on rural livelihood empowerment to the farmers of four selected disadvantaged districts, viz. Uttar Dinajpur, Dakshin Dinajpur, Malda and Murshidabad of West Bengal as a part of National Agricultural Innovation Project. The participatory and personal interview methods were followed to collect the i...

OBJECTIVES To identify groups within Dhaka slums that report similar patterns of livelihood, and to explore nutritional and health status. DESIGN A random sample of households participated in a longitudinal study in 1995-1997. Socio-economic and morbidity data were collected monthly by questionnaire and nutritional status was assessed. Cluster analysis was used to aggregate households into li...

If the balance between availability and requirement drives the value, then the economic value of water in agriculture should be remarkably higher in water-scarce regions when compared to water-rich regions. Similarly, in water-abundant regions, if the land is scarce, then the incremental return per unit of land should be higher than that in land-rich region that are water-scarce. These hypothes...