The valuation monoids and pseudo-valuation monoids have been established through valuation domains and pseudo-valuation domains respectively. In this study we continue these lines to describe the almost valuation monoids, almost pseudo-valuation monoids and pseudoalmost valuation monoids. Further we also characterized the newly described monoids as the spirit of valuation monoids pseudo-valuati...

This paper discusses the standard welfare economics assumption anthropocentric welfarism, i.e. that only human well-being counts intrinsically. New survey evidence from a representative sample in Sweden is presented, indicating that anthropocentrism is strongly rejected, on average. However, most people appear to have a consequentialistic ethics, in line with conventional welfare economics. The...

This paper discusses a fundamental market failure regarding environmental conservation, and how the problem can be solved by appropriate policies. A "seller" (or owner of a tropical forest) may be motivated to conserve if a "buyer" is expected to pay. The buyer, however, does not find it necessary to pay as long as the seller conserves in any case. This contradiction implies that the forest wil...

Sistemele de monitorizare pe scară largă permit colectarea eficientă a datelor din câmp la rezoluții temporale și spațiale ridicate. Un exemplu relevant îl constituie aplicarea acestor sisteme în domeniul monitorizării infrastructurilor de transport al produselor petroliere pentru prevenirea scurgerilor și a accesului neautorizat, ce pot cauza daune de mediu și economice semnificative. Lucrarea...

Let R be a ring and V be a matrix valuation on R. It is shown that, there exists a correspondence between matrix valuations on R and some special subsets ?(MVPR) of the set of all square matrices over R, analogous to the correspondence between invariant valuation rings and abelian valuation functions on a division ring. Furthermore, based on Malcolmson’s localization, an alternative proof for t...

valuation is one of the main subjects in investment management which plays an important role in efficient capital allocation. valuation has become an important subject since supreme leader addressed the 44th principal of constitutional law. considering many problems which have arrised in valuation and stock pricing by privatization organization during resent years,it is essential to pay more at...

Meta-analysis has increasingly been used to synthesise the environmental valuation literature, but only a few test the use of these analyses for benefit transfer. These are typically based on national studies only. However, meta-analyses of valuation studies across countries are a potentially powerful tool for benefit transfer, especially for environmental goods where the domestic literature is...

Development of downstream operations in the Iran's petroleum industry has always been considered as a necessity in to create more value-added. One of ways to accomplish the misson, especially in the current situation, is exploiting the capacity of petroleum startups. Considering that these companies need to be valued for financing, and since the traditional valuation methods do not provide effi...

Proposition algebra is based on Hoare’s conditional connective, which is a ternary connective comparable to if-then-else and used in the setting of propositional logic. Conditional statements are provided with a simple semantics that is based on evaluation trees and that characterizes so-called free valuation congruence: two conditional statements are free valuation congruent if, and only if, t...

The brand is a very special asset and in many businesses it is the most important asset. This is due to the farreaching economic impact that brands have on enterprise. Brands influence the choice of customers, employees, investors and government authorities. In a world of abundant choices such influence is crucial for commercial success and creation of shareholder value. Even non-profit organis...