1 Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine and Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, 2 Center for Health Policy and Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, 3 Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health...

When different health care interventions are not expected to produce the same outcomes both the costs and the consequences of the options need to be assessed. This can be done by cost-effectiveness analysis, whereby the costs are compared with outcomes measured in natural units--for example, per life saved, per life year gained, and per pain or symptom free day. Many cost-effective analyses rel...

n engl j med 376;3 nejm.org January 19, 2017 C analysis in U.S. health care seems poised for a second act of sorts. Although it has never actually gone away, efforts to apply it have encountered resistance, and the federal government and some health care organizations have sometimes prohibited its use or relegated it to a minor role. But several developments are helping to recharge the field. O...

A decision analytical model was developed to investigate the cost-effectiveness of stockpiling antiviral (AV) drugs for a potential influenza pandemic in the United Kingdom and the possible role of near-patient testing in conserving AV drug stocks. Under base-case assumptions (including a fixed stockpile that was smaller than the clinical attack rate), the treat-only option (treating all sympto...

objective: this research aimed to investigate the relationship of family affective climate, self-effectiveness, and personal-social adjustment variables with academic achievement of university students in islamic azad university, ahvaz branch, ahvaz, iran.  methods: the research sample included 300 individuals (150 females and 150 males) who were selected through random stratified sampling meth...

this research aimed at identifying the role of emotional intelligence (ei) -based management in improving faculty effectiveness. research methodology was descriptive-survey of exploratory type. statistical population were the faculty members in the islamic azad university branches across tehran (n = 3500). the subjects of the study (sample) consisted of 351 faculty members selected through stra...

We present an analytical model and numerical experiments to describe optimal bistable switching in a nonlinear photonic crystal system. It is proved that only three parameters are needed to characterize a bistable switch: the resonant frequency omega(res), the quality factor Q, and parameter kappa that measures nonlinear "feedback strength." A photonic crystal enables the device to operate in s...