Electrical currents in resistive materials must be driven by an internal electric field E = J/ς , where J is the current density and ς is the electrical conductivity. The internal electric field must be shaped by an appropriate density σ of surface electrical charge. In practice, the surface charge density is quite small, and is often neglected in discussions of electrical currents. Some except...

Time-dependent density functional theory is extended to include dissipative systems evolving under a master equation, providing a Hamiltonian treatment for molecular electronics. For weak electric fields, the isothermal conductivity is shown to match the adiabatic conductivity, thereby recovering the Landauer result.

Introduction: Electric Properties Tomography (EPT) provides a theoretical framework for the determination of electric conductivity and local SAR using a standard MR system [1]. These two parameters could be of high interest in clinical MR and MR hardware engineering. Firstly, local SAR is of major interest in high field MR. Secondly, conductivity could be used as a parameter for diagnosis. For ...

Introduction: The electric conductivity can potentially be used as diagnostic information due to its ability to reflect the grade of tissue damage (see, e.g., [1]). In its general form, the conductivity is given by a rank-2 tensor, including anisotropic cases of conductivity. In vivo, anisotropic conductivities can be found in tissue with preferred cell direction, e.g., in muscles and nerves [2...

The effect of an electrical double layer (EDL) on microchannel flow has been studied widely, and a constant bulk electric conductivity is often used in calculations of flow rate or pressure drop. In our experimental study of pressure-driven micropipette flows, the pipette diameter is on the same order of magnitude as the Debye length. The overlapping EDL resulted in a much higher electric condu...

............................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 1: Introduction .................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Motivation ............................................................................................................................. 2...