Site-specific electrostatic measurements have been limited to soluble proteins purified for in vitro spectroscopic characterization or proteins of known structure; however, comparable measurements have not been made for functional membrane bound proteins. Here, using an electrochromic fluorophore, we describe a method to monitor localized electric field changes in a voltage-gated potassium chan...

X-ray diffraction (XRD) rocking-curves were measured for tetragonal hen egg white (HEW) lysozyme crystals grown with and without application of an external electric field, and the crystal quality was assessed according to the full width at half-maximums (FWHMs) of each rocking-curve profile. The average FWHMs for tetragonal HEW lysozyme crystals grown with an external electric field at 1 MHz we...

The formation dynamics is studied for a singular profile of a surface of an ideal conducting fluid in an electric field. Self-similar solutions of electrohydrodynamic equations describing the fundamental process of formation of surface conic cusps with angles close to the Taylor cone angle 98.6 are obtained. The behavior of physical quantities (field strength, fluid velocity, surface curvature)...

In this research, a functionally graded microbeam bonded with piezoelectric layers is analyzed under electric force. Static and dynamic instability due to the electric actuation is studied because of its importance in micro electro mechanical systems, especially in micro switches. In order to prevent pull-in instability, two piezoelectric layers are used as sensor and actuator. A current amplif...

This paper presents asymmetric three-layer slab waveguide structure in which all layers are considered left-handed materials (LHMs) with negative electric permittivity and magnetic permeability. The electric field profile is investigated in details with all parameters of the waveguide structure. Many interesting features are observed such as the existence of the fundamental mode and the transit...

In this work, efficient solar-blind metal-semiconductor photodetectors grown on Si (111) by molecular beam epitaxy are reported. Growth details are described,the comparison enters the properties electric of InN/Si and AlGaN/Si photodectors with 0.2 μm of AlGaN and InN layers. Modeling and simulation were performed by using ATLAS-TCAD simulator. Energy band diagram, doping profile, conduction cu...

The emission efficiency of novel surface conduction electron-emitters corresponding to tilted angles (u) of a nanogap-typed driving cathode is optimised. Among the parameters of the emitter profile, the apex angle is the most significant because the smaller angles induce a higher electric field. The higher electric field then attracts more particles into vacuum and then increases the emission c...

The existence of electric fields close to their critical valueEc = m e c e~ has been proved for massive cores of 10 up to 10 nucleons using a proton distribution of constant density and a sharp step function at its boundary [1, 2, 3]. We explore the modifications of this effect by considering a smoother density profile with a proton distribution fulfilling a Woods–Saxon dependence. The occurren...