In this study, Iran crude oil samples (K, L) were separated on the basis of solubility and polarity, resulting in saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes fractions. The fractions were analyzed by traditional open column chromatography, thin layer chromatography-Flame ionization detector in an Itroscan instrument (TLC-FID) and Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection for the dete...

This paper introduces a novel method of GNSS spoofing detection with applications in electrical substations. Time sensitive electricity substations, including Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) and Merging (MU), rely on Global Navigation Satellite Signals (GNSS), often GPS, for time transfer. Recently, sophisticated ‘spoofing’ attacks have become feasible due to the availability low cost Software D...

Introduction One fact that is agreed upon in the literature regarding the mechanism of phototropism is that the growth curvature results from an unequal distribution of auxin. There are at least three hypotheses as to how unilateral illumination causes the unequal distribution: 1. Photoinactivation of auxin on the lighted side of the plant. 2. A differential change in the rate of synthesis of a...

– Article 120.1 of the NFPA 70E establishes the procedure for creating an electrically safe work condition. Since this was written, the day-to-day practice of electrical safety has changed going beyond the precise language of Article 120.1(1-6). This is due to the increased usage of permanent electrical safety devices (PESDs) in Lock-out/Tagout procedures. The relatively new concept of permanen...

Quantum mechanical calculations at various levels of theory indicate that charges (both "+" and "-") on organic polymers can be stabilized by radicals on nearby polymer chains. The stabilization mechanism is based on the formation of intermolecular odd-electron, two-center bonds with possible concomitant spin density redistribution (depending on the polymer and the number and type of proximal h...

In this work a bi-parametric, highly selective, electrical calcium detecting platform is fabricated. The fabricated detector consists of porous silicon substrate which surface functionalized by calmodulin. use provides many fold increment in area, facilitating effective absorption, whereas, calmodulin functionalization upon the excellent attachment sites. parameters are then tested with and sev...

The use of diamond as material for X-ray detector is subject of investigation and practice in radiotherapy, space and material science and technology. This paper presents the results of application of Monte Carlo method for simulation of photon transport through diamond detector. The aim is restitution and demonstrating of numerical technique for characterization of electrical properties for di...

We report fabrication and characterization of a novel real-time, label-free DNA detector, that uses a long nanofluidic channel to stretch a DNA strand and a nanogap detector (with a gap as small as 9 nm) inside the channel to measure the electrical conduction perpendicular to the DNA backbone as it moves through the gap. We have observed electrical signals caused by 1.1 kilobase-pair (kbp) doub...