Two electropolymerizable monomers with a methoxytriphenylamine core linked via amide groups to two triphenylamine (TPA) or N-phenylcarbazole (NPC) terminal groups, namely 4,4′-bis(4-diphenylaminobenzamido)-4′ ′-methoxytriphenylamine (MeOTPA-(TPA)2) and 4,4′-bis(4-(carbazol-9-yl)benzamido)-4′ ′-methoxytriphenylamine (MeOTPA-(NPC)2), were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectrosc...

An efficient synthesis of novel near-infrared electrochromic 6-substituted (NO2, Br) anthraquinone imides, i.e., 2a and 2b, was established. Bearing functional groups suitable for further structural modifications by nucleophilic substitution reaction and various metal-catalyzed coupling reactions (e.g., Suzuki coupling), 2a and 2b were easily transferred to 1a by reaction with 4-methoxyphenol a...

There is keen interest in the use of amorphous WO3 thin films as cathodic electrodes in transmittance-modulating electrochromic devices. However, these films suffer from ion-trapping-induced degradation of optical modulation and reversibility on extended Li(+)-ion exchange. Here, we demonstrate that ion-trapping-induced degradation, which is commonly believed to be irreversible, can be successf...

The importance of organic electrochromic materials has grown considerably in recent decades due to their application in smart window, automotive, and aircraft technologies. Theoretical prediction of the optical properties should contribute to their better characterization and help the explanation of the experimental data. By using various exchange-correlation functionals, we show how density fu...

Ultrathin nanosheets are considered as one kind of the most promising candidates for the fabrication of flexible electrochromic devices (ECDs) due to their permeable channels, high specific surface areas, and good contact with the substrate. Herein, we first report the synthesis of large-area nanosheets of tungsten oxide dihydrate (WO3·2H2O) with a thickness of only about 1.4 nm, showing much h...

Two series of polyamides and polyimides containing bulky trityl-substituted triphenylamine units were synthesized from condensation reactions of 4,4′-diamino-4′ ′-trityltriphenylamine with various dicarboxylic acids and tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, respectively. The polymers showed good solubility and film-forming ability. Flexible or robust films could be readily obtained via solution-casting...

The growing market for flexible electronics devices is asking for reduction of manufacturing process complexity. One way to reduce complexity is to decrease the number of single components of a device by using integrated modules, i.e. device components providing multiple functions. In this article, the concept of a self-powered electrochromic graphics display device is demonstrated. The device ...

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were modified onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) via dip-coating technique with different nanoparticle sizes, lifting speeds, precursor concentrations, and dipping numbers. Electrodeposition-based electrochromic device with reversible three-state optical transformation (transparent, mirror, and black) was fabricated subsequently by sandwiching a suitable a...

Self-powered sensors are analytical devices able to generate their own energy, either from the sample itself or from their surroundings. The conventional approaches rely heavily on silicon-based electronics, which results in increased complexity and cost, and prevents the broader use of these smart systems. Here we show that electrochromic materials can overcome the existing limitations by simp...

Self-powered sensors are analytical devices able to generate their own energy, either from the sample itself or from their surroundings. The conventional approaches rely heavily on silicon-based electronics, which results in increased complexity and cost, and prevents the broader use of these smart systems. Here we show that electrochromic materials can overcome the existing limitations by simp...