Nonionizing electromagnetic fields (EMF) have photon energy less than 10eV, a level not sufficient to produce ions by ejection of orbital electrons from atoms. The biological effects of two types of nonionizing electromagnetic fields are being studies intensely: extremely-lowfrequency (ELF) electromagnetic field and radiofrequency radiation. Extremely-low-frequency EMF covers the frequency rang...

Human beings are unavoidably exposed to ambient electromagnetic fields (EMFs) generated by every instrument that uses electricity. Electromagnetic fields are made by the combination of an electric field and a magnetic field and is propagated in a wave like manner. Thus sometimes called electromagnetic waves and or electromagnetic radiation. Under such condition the indoor and outdoor environmen...

Exposure to repetitive low-frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF) shows promise as a non-invasive approach to treat various sensory and neurological disorders. Despite considerable progress in the development of modern stimulation devices, there is a limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying their biological effects and potential targets at the cellular level. A significant impact of...

BACKGROUND The biological effects and health implications of electromagnetic field (EMF) associated with cellular mobile telephones and related wireless systems and devices have become a focus of international scientific interest and world-wide public concern. It has also been proved that EMF influences the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different tissues. METHODS Experiments ...

Abstract A multiphase study was performed to find an effective method to evaluate electromagnetic field (EMF) sensitivity of patients. The first phase developed criteria for controlled testing using an environment low in chemical, particulate, and EMF pollution. Monitoring devices were used in an effort to ensure that extraneous EMF would not interfere with the tests. A second phase involved a ...

A background of the electromagnetic field (EMF) measurements is presented in the work. A special attention is given to the specificity of the measurements performed in the Near Field. Factors, that should be taken into consideration as during the measurements as well during their analysis, are discussed. Without their understanding and considering a comparison of the measurements’ results, mete...

Life on Earth is constantly exposed to natural electromagnetic fields (EMFs), and it is generally accepted that EMFs may exert a variety of effects on biological systems. Particularly, extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EL-EMFs) affect biological processes such as cell development and differentiation; however, the fundamental mechanisms by which EMFs influence these processes remai...

objective(s) neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (ngal/lcn2), comprise a group of small extracellular proteins with a common p-sheet-dominated 3-dimensional structure. in the past, it was assumed that the predominant role of lipocalin was acting as transport proteins. recently it has been found that oxidative stress induces lcn2 expression. it has been also proved that electromagnetic fi...

The aim of this study was to test whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMFs) affect health or not. Here, we constructed a 100-μT/50 Hz electromagnetic field atmosphere. A total of 128 rats were randomly assigned into two groups: the ELF EMF group and the sham group. The ELF EMF group was exposed to 100-μT/50-Hz ELF EMF for 20 h per day for three months; at the same time t...