Introduction The use of cut-outs in electron applicators make changes on output, isodose, and percentage depth dose (PDD) curves. These changes and electron beam dose distribution in the form of three-dimensional (3D) can be measured by gel dosimeters. Materials and Methods Dosimetry was performed with and without a square shield (6×6 cm2 field). The energies were 4, 9, and 16 MeV and phantom w...

The electron decay mode of the pion has been the subject of nmeh theoreticM a.nd experimental investig~tion. Some ye~rs ,~go ]~UDER~IAN and F1NKELSTEIn" (~) pointed out that, although it was difficult to prediet the ~bsolute decay rate of the pion, exact calculations could be made of the br,mehing-ratio ( : : ~ e + v ) / ( ~ : ~ i , + v ) . qheir model for the decay of the pion was that already...

The Correlation Electron Cyclotron Emission (CECE) diagnostic at ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) is used to investigate the features of outer core and pedestal ( ρ pol = 0.85-1.0) turbulence across confinement regime transitions. I-mode a promising operational scenario for future fusion reactors because it high energy without particle confinement, but nature edge in plasmas still under investigation. Weakl...

Electron thermal transport in DIII-D H-mode tokamak plasmas ͓J. L. Luxon, Nucl. Fusion 42, 614 ͑2002͔͒ is investigated by comparing predictive simulation results for the evolution of electron temperature profiles with experimental data. The comparison includes the entire profile from the magnetic axis to the bottom of the pedestal. In the simulations, carried out using the automated system for tran...

In the electron cyclotron range of frequencies, the high-β NSTX plasmas are overdense to the traditional extraordinary X mode and/or the ordinary O mode. For low harmonics of the electron cyclotron frequency, the X and O modes are cutoff at the edge and for high harmonics the plasma is essentially optically thin to these modes. Thus, heating of such plasmas by electron cyclotron waves or diagno...

We consider a molecular single electron transistor coupled to a vibrational mode. For some values of the bias and gate voltage transport is possible only by absorption of one ore more phonons. The system acts then as a cooler for the mechanical mode at the condition that the electron temperature is lower than the phonon temperature. The final effective temperature of the vibrational mode depend...

Mode-converted electron Bernstein waves (EBWs) potentially allow the measurement of local electron temperature (Te) and the implementation of local heating and current drive in spherical torus (ST) devices, which are not directly accessible to low harmonic electron cyclotron waves. This paper reports on the measurement of X-mode radiation mode-converted from EBWs observed normal to the magnetic...

abstract: in this study, al 2 o 3 –sic nanocomposites have been fabricated by mixing of alumina powder containing 0.05% weight magnesium oxide and silicon carbide nano powders, followed by hot pressing at 1650 0 c. the mechanical properties of al 2 o 3 -sic nanocomposites containing different volume fraction (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 15%) of nano scale sic particles were investigated and compared wi...