The purpose of this study was to examine Cook’s (2003) ‘multiple competence’ by investigating backward pragmatic transfer (from L2 [English] to L1 [Persian]) in refusals to invitations. It explored participants’ frequency and content of refusal strategies in L1 regarding the status (i.e., power and distance) of interlocutors and the proficiency level of EFL learners. The participants were Persi...

Since a large variety of digital games have been used in many fields for educational purposes, their real functions in learning have caught much attention as well. This study aims to explore learning characteristics of problem-solving digital games and their corresponding cognitive levels. this research aims to design and develop a problem-solving game in which story context the tasks are inter...

Mining learner-generated sketches holds significant potential for acquiring deep insight into learners’ mental models. Drawing has been shown to benefit both learning outcomes and engagement, and learners’ sketches offer a rich source of diagnostic information. Unfortunately, interpreting learners’ sketches—even sketches comprised of semantically grounded symbols—poses significant computational...

The current study is an attempt to investigate the impact of explicit instruction of metadiscourse markers on advanced, intermediate, and elementary EFL learners’ writing performance. The participants of the study were 94 undergraduate students majoring in English Literature at the University of Isfahan. To elicit the relevant data, participants were given a pretest of writing ability to check ...

In here, I provide a description of multiliteracies elementary classroom's ecology according to how an bilingual teacher and language learners in her classroom interact engage with traditional (linguistic) alternative (multimodal) texts arts. This shows their dynamic interactions through biliteracy practices. first outline some examples events practices by describing (written or oral) the media...

Collaborative learning methods which emphasize peer interaction have been widely applied to increase the intensity and effectiveness of EFL reading programs. However, simply grouping students heterogeneously and assigning them group goals does not guarantee that effective collaborative learning will ensue. The present research includes two studies. In Study One, the weaknesses of collaborative ...

This study investigates whether working memory capacity (WMC) varies across languages and in the course of L2 speech proficiency levels. Following suggestions in Finardi and Weissheimer (2009) and Prebianca (2010), who found that WMC varied as a function of L2 speech proficiency, the present study assessed three proficiency levels (elementary, intermediate and advanced) and two languages (L1-Po...

this study was an effort towards examining the relationship between iranian efl learners’ language proficiency and their metaphorical competence. the were 120 iranian efl learners studying at sadr english language center within the 19-25 age range. the efl learners’ english proficiency from elementary to advanced which was determined by the opt. afterwards, the students were administered a rese...