Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) is one of the most powerful tools to study fundamental interactions since light nuclei abundances crucially depend on many elementary particle properties, like the number of effective neutrino degrees of freedom, Nν . At the moment, however, recent data on Hemass fraction, Y4, and Deuterium (D) and Li abundances, Y2 ≡ D/H and Y7 ≡ 7 Li/H , produced during BBN are ...

Extremely high-energy(EHE) cosmic rays might provide a chance to check a violation of the Lorentz symmetry of spacetime. Some theoretical consideration is described about why the Lorentz symmetry might breakdown in EHE phenomena in this universe. Some models which introduce the violation of the Lorentz symmetry will be discussed. 1 Violation of Symmetry in Actual Universe Great achievement of t...

We discuss possible realizations of the hypothesis that all the fundamental interactions of the elementary particles should be of gauge type, including the Yukawa and Higgs ones. In the minimal SUSY extension of the standard model, where the quartic Higgs couplings are “gauged” through the D-terms, it is also possible to generate radiatively the Yukawa matrices for the light generations, thus e...

A concise review of the most recent major achievements of elementary-particle physics is given. The successes and problems of gauge theories of the strong and electroweak interactions are discussed. A comparison is made of the possible alternatives in the development of physics in the transition to laboratory energies of the order of a tera-electron-volt. Models of grand unification and superun...

We report on the status of our search for quasi-topological solitons of various dimensions in realistic field theoretical models of condensed matter and of elementary particle physics.

Objects and systems at all scales operate by a mix of internal impulsion and external influence. This phenomenon, ubiquitous and accurately modeled by simple systems of coupled oscillators, are observed in systems of elementary subatomic particle, biological populational dynamics and interactions of heavenly bodies on an astronomical scale. Despite the simplicity of coupled oscillator models li...

It is well-expected that unifying gravity with other interactions requires a decisive change of perspective on some of our ideas. We can mention String Theory as the most suggestive approach in this direction. Here we are going to focus our attention on the Kaluza-Klein (KK) approach 1,2 (see 3 for a recent review), since it realizes the issue of the unification, without avoiding one of the mos...