All permutations of a two level embedding sentence in Turkish is analyzed, in order to develop an LTAG grammar that can account for Turkish long distance dependencies. The fact that Turkish allows only long distance topicalization and extraposition is shown to be connected to a condition-the coherence condition-that draws the boundary between the acceptable and inacceptable permutations of the ...

A step can be regarded as an elementary ordering of two objects (or operators). A step is a distinction combined with an action that crosses the boundary of that distinction. The elementary step can be seen as a reference, as a division of space or as a tick of a clock. By looking at the structure of a step, we provide a context that unifies specific aspects of special relativity, Laws of Form,...

A benzenoid graph is a finite connected plane graph with no cut vertices in which every interior region is bounded by a regular hexagon of a side length one. A benzenoid graph G is elementary if every edge belongs to a 1-factor of G. A hexagon h of an elementary benzenoid graph is reducible, if the removal of boundary edges and vertices of h results in an elementary benzenoid graph. We characte...

Abstract. The one-dimensional motion of compressible viscous and heat-conductive fluid is investigated in the half space. By examining the sign of fluid velocity prescribed on the boundary, initial boundary value problems with Dirichlet type boundary conditions are classified into three cases: impermeable wall problem, inflow problem and outflow problem. In this paper, the asymptotic stability ...

We prove that when a countable group admits a nontrivial Floyd-type boundary, then every nonelementary and metrically proper subgroup contains a noncommutative free subgroup. This generalizes the corresponding well-known results for hyperbolic groups and groups with infinitely many ends. It also shows that no finitely generated amenable group admits a nontrivial boundary of this type. This impr...

A triangulation of a surface is irreducible if no edge can be contracted to produce a triangulation of the same surface. In this paper, we investigate irreducible triangulations of surfaces with boundary. We prove that the number of vertices of an irreducible triangulation of a (possibly non-orientable) surface of genus g ≥ 0 with b ≥ 0 boundary components is O(g + b). So far, the result was kn...

We propose a new algorithm for parsing Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammars (LTAGs) which uses pre-assigned bilexical dependency relations as a filter. That is, given a sentence and its corresponding well-formed dependency structure, the parser assigns elementary trees to words of the sentence and return attachment sites compatible with these elementary trees and predefined dependencies. Moreove...

The commonly used thermodynamic variables are generalized so as to take account of irreversible processes across a thin boundary separating a system from its surroundings. This permits one to relate heat transfer and work performance in irreversible processes to those carried out reversibly. The commonly used functions of state have been generalized to include the contribution of irreversible c...

We previously revealed the prevalence of strabismus and amblyopia in elementary school children between 6 and 12 years of age in Japan in the year 2003. Questionnaires asking the number of children with different types of strabismus and amblyopia were sent to all elementary schools in Okayama Prefecture in the year 2005, and the results in the year 2005 were compared with those obtained in the ...