We describe Elf, a metalanguage for proof manipulation environments that are independent of any particular logical system. Elf is intended for meta-programs such as theorem provers, proof transformers, or type inference programs for programming languages with complex type systems. Elf uniies logic deenition (in the style of LF, the Edinburgh Logical Framework) with logic programming (in the sty...

Objectives: Bronchoscopic microsampling (BMS) is a new technique for repeated sampling of bronchial epithelial lining fluid (ELF) to obtain the pharmacokinetic profile of drugs. We analyzed the time versus concentration profiles of telithromycin in bronchial ELF obtained by BMS and compared these finding to those in plasma and alveolar ELF obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Methods: Bron...

Efficient evaluation of multi-dimensional range queries in a main-memory database is an important, but difficult task. State-of-the-art techniques rely on optimised sequential scans or tree-based structures. For range queries with small result sets, sequential scans exhibit poor asymptotic performance. Also, as the dimensionality of the data set increases, the performance of tree-based structur...

AIM To investigate the role of embryonic liver fordin (ELF) in liver fibrosis by regulating hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) glucose glycolysis. METHODS The expression of ELF and the glucose glycolysis-related proteins were evaluated in activated HSCs. siRNA was used to silence ELF expression in activated HSCs in vitro and the subsequent changes in PI3K/Akt signaling and glucose glycolysis-relat...

Magnetic field as ecological factor has influence on all living beings. The aim of this study was to determine if extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF, 50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affects oxidative stress in the brain of gerbils submitted to 10-min global cerebral ischemia. After occlusion of both carotid arteries, 3-month-old gerbils were continuously exposed to ELF-MF for 7 days. Nitric oxide an...

TGF-beta/Smads regulate a wide variety of biological responses through transcriptional regulation of target genes. ELF, a beta-spectrin, plays a key role in the transmission of TGF-beta-mediated transcriptional response through Smads. ELF was originally identified as a key protein involved in endodermal stem/progenitor cells committed to foregut lineage. Also, as a major dynamic adaptor and sca...

The aim of this study was to test whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMFs) affect health or not. Here, we constructed a 100-μT/50 Hz electromagnetic field atmosphere. A total of 128 rats were randomly assigned into two groups: the ELF EMF group and the sham group. The ELF EMF group was exposed to 100-μT/50-Hz ELF EMF for 20 h per day for three months; at the same time t...

Introduction: This study investigated the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) (50 Hz, 3 mT) on biochemical parameters of rats’ ovarian tissues and the impact of Allium cepa on the reduction of potential adverse influences of electromagnetic exposure. Material and Methods: In this study 40 female Wistar rats were divided into four groups, including (1) control gr...

Extremely-low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) have been classified as "possibly carcinogenic" to humans on the grounds of an epidemiological association of ELF-MF exposure with an increased risk of childhood leukaemia. Yet, underlying mechanisms have remained obscure. Genome instability seems an unlikely reason as the energy transmitted by ELF-MF is too low to damage DNA and induce cancer-pr...

Although transforming growth factor-B (TGF-B) is both a suppressor and promoter of tumorigenesis, its contribution to early tumor suppression and staging remains largely unknown. In search of the mechanism of early tumor suppression, we identified the adaptor protein ELF, a B-spectrin from stem/progenitor cells committed to foregut lineage. ELF activates and modulates Smad4 activation of TGF-B ...