Abstract In this study we analyse data from world cup cross-country skiing sprint elimination tournaments for men and women in 2015–2020. Instead of being assigned a quarterfinal according to seeding scheme, prequalified athletes choose themselves sequential order which the five quarterfinals compete. Due time constraint on day competition is held, recovery between heats varies. This implies cl...

West German anticommunism and the SED’s Westarbeit were to some extent interrelated. From the beginning, each German state had attemted to stabilise its own social system while trying to discredit its political opponent. The claim to sole representation and the refusal to acknowledge each other delineated governmental action on both sides. Anticommunism in West Germany re-developed under the co...

We use symbolic regression (implemented by a genetic program) to analyze the role of agent expectation formation in games. In the model, agents attempt to infer the strategies of opponents through regression and then best respond using this information. Though agents use deterministic strategies, behavior that resembles a mixed strategy emerges. When one agent uses more complicated strategy pri...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been widely used in modern video games for creating interactive non-player characters (NPC) and opponents. Although the design of NPC enemy AI has been studied for years and has many commercial implementations such as StarCraft, World of Warcraft, a good AI for NPC companions is still under-analyzed. In this thesis we investigate several approaches for solving c...

The use of certi cate revocation lists (CRLs) to convey revocation state in public key infrastructures has long been the subject of debate. Centrally, opponents of the technology attribute a range of semantic and technical limitations to CRLs. In this paper, we consider arguments advising against the use of CRLs made principally by Rivest in his paper \Can we eliminate certi cate revocation lis...

• Although there is a worldwide surge of interest in conservation, many justifications rest on shaky or ephemeral grounds. • Arguments for conservation of biodiversity often include strong ethical or aesthetic components which are superficially attractive but depend on potentially changeable social circumstances. • Economic justifications based on undiscovered potential are susceptible to chang...