17 Introduction 18 Ovarian stimulation 20 In vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) 23 Immature sperm conception 25 Egg donation and surrogacy 28 Oocyte maturation 28 Embryo culture 30 Assisted hatching 31 Cryopreservation 32 Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) 34 Cytoplasmic donation and mitochondrial DNA (mDNA) transfer 37 Fertility preservation 39 Conclusion 41

While ovarian tissue cryopreservation has commonly been equated with fertility preservation in cancer patients, there is a range of alternative options to preserve fertility. Based on the type and timing of chemotherapy, the type of cancer, the patient's age and the partner status, a different strategy of fertility preservation may be needed. If the patient has a partner or accepts donor sperm,...

OBJECTIVE To describe a case series of seven women with SLE and other systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) who required cyclophosphamide therapy and underwent fertility preservation treatments. METHODS Of the seven patients reported here, five women had SLE with nephritis, the sixth had immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) and the seventh had microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) with ren...

On the basis of putative nuclei and endospores, Huldtgren et al. (Reports, 23 December 2011, p. 1696) propose that embryo-like Doushantuo microfossils are nonmetazoan holozoans akin to mesomycetozoeans. However, both size and preservation preclude interpretation of internal structures as nuclei. Moreover, the authors may have conflated two different populations; some specimens display a pseudop...

Fertility preservation has always been an important part of reproductive medicine. It acquired a new dimension in the current period Coronavirus crisis. The effects COVID-19 on affected people’s function medium and long term cannot be predicted with certainty. may also by some treatment agents used against COVID-19. vivo, suitable young persons no apparent fertility problems, can made use nonto...

PURPOSE To develop guidance to practicing oncologists about available fertility preservation methods and related issues in people treated for cancer. METHODS An expert panel and a writing committee were formed. The questions to be addressed by the guideline were determined, and a systematic review of the literature from 1987 to 2005 was performed, and included a search of online databases and...

Despite the highest historical live birth success rates for couples undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF), there has been an epidemic of iatrogenic twin and higher order gestation conceived from this treatment. Continued improvement in cryopreservation techniques have allowed preservation of supernumerary embryos for use in future cycles, and refinements in culture systems and embryo selectio...

The preservation of fertility in female cancer survivors has become an important health issue. The different cryopreservation options available for fertility preservation are embryo, oocyte, and ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Oocyte cryopreservation is available for women without partners, but there is a limited experience with this technique and the pregnancy rate is still low. In spite of r...

Maternal metabolism provides essential nutrients to enable embryonic development. However, both mother and embryo produce reactive metabolites that can damage DNA. Here we discover how the embryo is protected from these genotoxins. Pregnant mice lacking Aldh2, a key enzyme that detoxifies reactive aldehydes, cannot support the development of embryos lacking the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway...

Cancer is not uncommon and no longer considered to be an incurable disorder. 10% of cancer cases occur under the age of 45. There is a remarkable improvement in treatment and survival rates. Today women have been delaying initiation of childbearing because the incidence of most cancers increases with age. Delayed childbearing results in more female cancer survivors. As a consequence there is an...