The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the factors influencing developmental stage of bovine embryos recovered from superovulated dairy cattle 7 d after estrus. From 217 superovulated dairy cows and heifers, 2,211 eggs were recovered, of which 1,495 were classified as transferable embryos based on morphological evaluation of developmental stage and quality. From the evaluated...

Distinct phenotypic sexual dimorphism servers as one of the key factors that can enable one to categorize the individual to a particular sex. However in case of ratite bird emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) this phenotypic distinctness between males and females is less evident and careful observation of adult birds would help to identify the sexes. Other methods of sex identification such as the s...

The investigation aimed to compare the effect of fresh and frozen-thawed X and Y fractions of flowcytometrically sorted bovine spermatozoa on in vitro fertilization of bovine in vitro matured oocytes and subsequent blastocyst development. Sperm cells sorted in MoFloSX cytometer were used either for IVF or frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen. Immature oocytes recovered from ovaries of slaughter...

Buffalo holds the unique potentiality among the livestock sector at tropical and subtropical area. The faster multiplication of superior genotypes and the conservation of endangered buffalo breeds are the important issue. Recent advances in assisted reproductive technologies (ART), including estrus/ovulation synchronization, multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET), in vitro embryo product...

The chicken embryo is an established model system for studying early vertebrate development. One of the major advantages of this model is the facility to perform manipulations in ovo and then continue incubation and observe the effects on embryonic development. However, in common with other vertebrate models, there is a tendency to disregard the sex of the experimental chicken embryos, and this...

It has become evident that advances in farm animal reproduction have become increasingly dependent on advance scientific research in addition to an understanding of the physiological processes involved in reproduction. The use of assisted reproductive techniques (ART) has helped owners to produce offspring from valuable farm animals that were considered infertile using standard breeding techniq...

The testis-specific protein Y-encoded gene (TSPY) is a Y-specific gene present in variable copy number in many mammalian species, including cattle. We tested the applicability of the TSPY gene as a Y-specific marker to predict preimplantation embryo sex in Nelore (Bos indicus) cattle. Two blastomeres were removed from each embryo. A total of 36 single blastomeres and the remaining cells o...

Sex ratios have important evolutionary consequences and are often biased by environmental factors. The effect of developmental temperature on offspring sex ratios has been widely documented across a diverse range of taxa but has rarely been investigated in birds and mammals. However, recent field observations and artificial incubation experiments have demonstrated that the hatching sex ratio of...

This paper reviews the status of embryo transfer and the major technologies applied to preimplantation of embryos in sheep. Embryo production from superovulated ewes is hindered by an unpredictable response to hormonal treatment. Progress in this area should be expected by an appropriated control of follicular development with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist or antagonist prior to...