BACKGROUND In the absence of other evidence, modelling has been used extensively to help policy makers plan for a potential future influenza pandemic. METHOD We have constructed an individual based model of a small community in the developed world with detail down to exact household structure obtained from census collection datasets and precise simulation of household demographics, movement w...

This latest article in the Federal Funding for Health Security series assesses FY2017 US government funding in 5 domains critical to strengthening health security: biosecurity, radiological and nuclear security, chemical security, pandemic influenza and emerging infectious disease, and multiple-hazard and general preparedness.

Department of Organic Fine Chemicals, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Yokohama City Institute of Health, 1-2-17, Takigashira, Isogo-ku, Yokohama 235-001...

This paper is concerned with a stochastic model for the spread of an SEIR (susceptible --> exposed (= latent) --> infective --> removed) epidemic among a population partitioned into households, featuring different rates of infection for within and between households. The model incorporates responsive vaccination and isolation policies, based upon the appearance of diagnosed cases in households....

Concern over emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) and a better understanding of their causes has resulted in increasing recognition of the linkages among human, animal, and ecosystem health. It is now well recognized that human activities can promote the emergence of infectious diseases through the large-scale modification of natural environments and inadvertent vectoring (e.g., international tr...

Experiments almost 20 years ago demonstrated that injections of a sequence of DNA encoding part of a pathogen could stimulate immunity. It was soon realized that "DNA vaccination" had numerous potential advantages over conventional vaccine approaches including inherent safety and a more rapid production time. These and other attributes make DNA vaccines ideal for development against emerging pa...

background: fascioliasis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases in iran and other parts of the world. although the largest epidemic of this disease has occurred in northern provinces of iran (guilan) during the past two decades and a few cases have also been reported in tehran and the other provinces, there has been no evidence of its’ occurrence in western provinces of iran such as kerman...

the field of endocrine pharmacology is very wide but most of studies in the recent years from the world and iran have focused on diabetes, osteoporosis, and lipid disorders. in the present review, we tried to evaluate the improvements and publications in that field briefly. interestingly, many of studies have focused on agents that have traditional and natural origin. although few basic studies...

conclusions fear of neighborhood violence is a contributing factor to increased risk of obesity for female african american youth who live in disadvantaged areas. this finding has implications for prevention of obesity among african american women who are at highest risk for obesity in the united states. initiatives that enhance neighborhood safety are critical strategies for obesity prevention...

The so-called 'hospital superbug' methcillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) became a topic of media and political concern in Britain from the middle of the 1990s. It was increasingly politicised in the period leading up to the British General Election of 2005. This study examines the meanings of MRSA that circulate in Britain by analysing newspaper coverage of the disease over the 10-ye...