In 1985 the Ministry of Higher Education and Science published a document entitled Higher Education: Autonomy and Quality [1]. According to this document, quality was the responsibility of the HEIs (higher education institutions) and they were therefore accountable for their internal evaluation. The external quality assessment was seen as a task for a newly created inspectorate for the universi...

In this paper an agreed set of standards, procedures and guidelines on quality assurance for the emergent European Higher Education Area is presented. If this set is implemented, the procedures for the recognition of qualifications will be strengthened. The set has been divided in two groups: there are internal and external standards and guidelines. The internals should be implemented by higher...

This article focuses on one type of institutional change: conversion. One innovative approach to institutional change, the ‘political-coalitional approach’, acknowledges that: institutions can have unintended effects which may privilege certain groups over others; institutions are often created and sustained through compromise with external actors; and institutions’ external context can vary si...

The article is devoted to the research of issues commercial bank business valuation under conditions uncertainty. study aims develop a model for forecasting value total assets and loan portfolio within framework estimation external relevance paper that in context COVID‑19 pandemic, military actions sanctions pressure it difficult justify market credit institutions due difficulties implementing ...

This paper investigates the effects of financial development on the intensive and extensive margins of countries exports, at different stages of economic development. The paper develops a partial equilibrium model with monopolistic competition. In this model, firms are heterogeneous in terms of productivity and have access to external liquidity. The effect of financial development on the intens...

Plain language summary: The rules for business vary not only between countries, but within countries. Subsidiaries of multinational enterprises (MNEs) thus have to consider both the national level and the local context when designing their business practices. To examine this impact, we study R&D outsourcing in four Eastern member states of the European Union, and find that local R&D outsourcing...