a 50-year-old lady presented with bloody vomiting and melena since four days prior to admission. her medical history was significant only for hypertension which was controlled by a 5 mg daily dose of amlodipine. she occasionally took nsaids. on admission, the physical exam revealed only mild tachycardia and pallor. hemoglobin was 9.7 g/dl, which subsequently declined to 7.9 g/dl. the first uppe...

Introduction. Modern diagnostics of laryngeal diseases is based on the use video endoscopic technologies. The authors article, having almost thirty years experience with various methods endoscopy, proposed a classification examination. Objective. To develop an algorithm for application examination in voice professionals functional and organic dysphonia. Materials methods. From 2020 to 2022, 230...

INTRODUCTION Small bowel capsule endoscopy is currently the first line diagnostic examination for many diseases affecting the small bowel. This article aims to review and critically address the current indications of small bowel capsule endoscopy in clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bibliographic review of relevant and recent papers indexed in PubMed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Small bowe...

gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd) is the main known etiological factor for barrett’s esophagus (be), and be is the precursor lesion of esophageal adenocarcinoma. the prevalence of be is reported mostly from gastroenterology centers and there are only a few reported cases from outpatients with dyspepsia. a large number of patients with gerd have degrees of dyspepsia. this study primarily ai...

In the worldwide medical literature, only one case of inlet patch shows a kissing pattern on endoscopy. This article describes 69-year-old female patient who came to gastroenterology clinic, Rohani hospital, Babol University Medical Sciences (Iran) for an examination indigestion. Endoscopy showed two polyps in background maroon just below upper esophageal sphincter, oppositely positioned view p...

here, we present a case of a 78-year-old man that underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy because of one- monthhistory of dysphagia to liquids and solid foods with accompanying weight loss. on endoscopy, there was distalesophageal stenosis. multiple biopsies were obtained. histologic examination of the samples revealed normaltissue. the stenosis was treated by dilatation and abdomino pelvic comput...

a 13-year-old girl presented with a history of not being well during the past six months. the ultrasound examination showed an epigastric mass, which was diagnosed as a bezoar within the stomach in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. the patient was managed by operative evacuation. it was interesting that such a large bezoar did not cause any significant obstruction for the patient.

Sinonasal tumors often mimick inflammatory diseases. If misdiagnosed, results are life threatening. This article comprises of study done on 5 patients who presented with nasal mass. They underwent clinical examination, diagnostic endoscopy, radiology and histopathological examination (HPE). Thorough evaluation helps the surgeon diagnose rare cases thus preventing detrimental outcomes. Herein we...