Two multiplex PCR enzyme immunoassays (PCR-EIAs) were developed for Staphylococcus aureus exotoxin gene screening as an alternative to the conventional biological assays, which depend on detectable amounts of toxins produced. One set of oligonucleotide primers and probes was designed to search for enterotoxin A to E genes (entA, entB, entC, entD, and entE), and the other one was designed to det...

BACKGROUND EntF is a 142 kDa four domain (condensation-adenylation-peptidyl carrier protein-thioesterase) nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) enzyme that assembles the Escherichia coli N-acyl-serine trilactone siderophore enterobactin from serine, dihydroxybenzoate (DHB) and ATP with three other enzymes (EntB, EntD and EntE). To assess how EntF forms three ester linkages and cyclotrimerizes ...

Spontaneously fermented soybean foods with sticky-textured and umami-flavor are popular delicacies of multi-ethnic communities the Eastern Himalayas. Even though species Bacillus have been reported earlier as pre-dominant bacteria, we hypothesized that some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present in these unique soy-based may exhibit probiotic properties. Hence, study is aimed to evaluate attributes...

The recognition of carrier proteins by multiple catalytic partners occurs in every cycle of chain elongation in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and of the pharmacologically important polyketide and nonribosomal peptide natural products. To dissect the features of carrier proteins that determine specific recognition at distinct points in assembly lines, we have used the two-module Escherichia co...

Microcin E492 is a channel-forming bacteriocin that is found in two forms, namely, a posttranslationally modified form obtained by the covalent linkage of salmochelin-like molecules to serine 84 and an unmodified form. The production of modified microcin E492 requires the synthesis of enterochelin, which is subsequently glycosylated by MceC and converted into salmochelin. mceC mutants produced ...

Antimicrobial peptides are a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics, but their utility is limited by high production costs and poor bioavailability profiles. Bacterial production and delivery of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) directly at the site of infection may offer a path for effective therapeutic application. In this study, we have developed a vector that can be used for the produc...

Background: The extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the leading causes health-associated infections (HAIs), whose antibiotic treatments have been severely reduced. Moreover, HAI bacteria may harbor pathogenic factors such as siderophores, enzymes, or capsules, which increase virulence these strains. Thus, new therapies, antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation...