background: population attributable fraction (paf) is one of the most practical measures for estimating the burden of risk factors with some challenges in its calculation. cardiovascular disease (cvd) is the first cause of death worldwide and the estimation of accurate pafs for cvd risk factors is of great importance in conducting preventive strategies. our aim was to estimate the pafs of cvd r...

background: infertility is common among couples of child-bearing age and ap-proximately half of known causes of primary infertility are attributable to male factor. it is still unclear whether the injurious effects of cigarette smoking on sperm characteristics and infertility are due to nicotine. therefore, the present study investigated the effects of orally administered of nicotine on sperm c...

background: asphyxia is a medical condition in which placental or pulmonary gas exchange is impaired or they cease all together, typically producing a combination of progressive hypoxemia and hypercapnea. objective: in addition to regional differences in its etiology; it is important to know its risk factors. materials and methods: this is a case-control study, all neonates born from may 2002 t...

background: cholera is considered a key indicator of social development but still is reported in various cities of iran. the present study aimed to analyze the available information regarding cholera outbreaks since 2010 in iran. methods: all cases reported to the center for disease control and prevention of ministry of health and education who had been confirmed as cholera cases by the health ...

background: geographic differences in the incidence of cancers may suggest unique genetic or environmental exposures that impact the risk of acquiring cancer. this research aims to determine the incidence rate and geographical distribution of common cancers among iranian children. methods: in this ecological study, we extracted data that pertained to the incidence rate of common cancers among c...

this is a cross-sectional study aiming at analyzing the relation between falling and domestic environmental -risk factors in community-dwelling elderly.the study consisted of 243 randomly chosen community-dwelling elderly over 65 years of age living around a health care center in central selcuklu, konya. data were collected with a questionnaire form including socio-demographic and other charact...

geographic tongue is a benign disorder involving the dorsal surface of the tongue characterized by depapillated areas with leading and folded edges in yellowish or grayish white color and sometimes with unclear borders. many studies have reported a relationship between such condition and different risk factors. this study aimed to investigate the prevalence rate and the risk factors of geograph...

the incidence of brain neoplasm has been progressively increasing in recent years in the industrialized countries. one of the reasons for this increased incidence could be better access to health care and improved diagnosis in the industrialized countries. it also appears that caucasians have a higher incidence than blacks or hispanics or asians. a number of risk factors have been identified an...