To the Editor:—The case reported by Dietrich and Smith again demonstrates that performing steroid epidural injections under fluoroscopic guidance does not absolutely prevent perforation of the dura by the needle tip, because the needle is usually advanced before the next bolus of dye is injected. Measurements of skin to epidural space in magnetic resonance imaging films showed that the posterio...

To the Editor:—The case reported by Dietrich and Smith again demonstrates that performing steroid epidural injections under fluoroscopic guidance does not absolutely prevent perforation of the dura by the needle tip, because the needle is usually advanced before the next bolus of dye is injected. Measurements of skin to epidural space in magnetic resonance imaging films showed that the posterio...

To the Editor:—The case reported by Dietrich and Smith again demonstrates that performing steroid epidural injections under fluoroscopic guidance does not absolutely prevent perforation of the dura by the needle tip, because the needle is usually advanced before the next bolus of dye is injected. Measurements of skin to epidural space in magnetic resonance imaging films showed that the posterio...

BACKGROUND Correct identification of the epidural space minimizes complications and ensures successful epidural blockade. The loss of resistance technique is the most common technique used for identification of the epidural space. However, sometimes loss of resistance occurs when the needle is not actually in the epidural space. The injection in this instance will result in the medication not b...

BACKGROUND Accurate identification of the epidural space is critical for safe and effective epidural anesthesia or treatment of acute lumbar radicular pain with epidural steroid injections. The loss-of-resistance technique is commonly used, but it is known to be unreliable. Even when it is performed in conjunction with two-dimensional fluoroscopic guidance, determining when the needle tip enter...

BACKGROUND Epidural block failures can occur due to a misleading loss of resistance (LOR) signal. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the false LOR rate and to determine whether the Epidrum, which is an LOR device for identifying the epidural space, improves the ability to find the epidural space during cervical epidural injection compared the LOR technique. STUDY DESIGN A randomi...

Objective: Addition of the drugs to lidocaine to induce epidural analgesia in order to elongate and enhance the analgesia has been investigated previously. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of epidurally administered xylazine either in combination of lidocaine or alone in rabbits. Design: Experimental study Animals: Twelve healthy and adult male New Zealand white strain rab...

Objective- This study was performed to investigate the analgesic effects of lidocaine and lidocaine/tramadol combination in epidural anaesthesia in dromedary camels. Design- Experimental Study Animals- Eight healthy immature dromedary camels Methods - The camels were randomly designed in 2 equal groups. In group L: lidocaine 2% (0.22 mg/kg) and in group LT: a combination of lidocaine 2% (0.22 m...

BACKGROUND This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of using ultrasound as an image tool to locate the sacral hiatus accurately for caudal epidural injections. METHODS Between August 2002 and July 2003, 70 patients (39 male and 31 female patients) with low back pain and sciatica were studied. Soft tissue ultrasonography was performed to locate the sacral hiatus. A 21-gauge caud...