An epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the rapid differentiation of serologic responses to enzootic variety IE and ID versus epizootic variety IAB and IC strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus. Two monoclonal antibodies that differentially recognize epizootic versus enzootic VEE virus epitopes were used to measure the serotype-specific blocking ab...

The accumulation and infiltration of mast cells are found in osteoarthritic lesions in humans and rodents. Nonetheless, the roles of mast cells in osteoarthritis are almost unknown. Although Viscum coloratum has various beneficial actions, its effect on allergic and osteoarthritic responses is unknown. In this study, we established an in vitro model of mast cell-mediated osteoarthritis and inve...

The doped topological insulator ${A}_{x}{\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$, with $A={\mathrm{Cu},\mathrm{Sr},\mathrm{Nb}}$, becomes a nematic superconductor below ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\approx}3$--4 K. associated electronic director is described by an angle $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and experimentally manifested in the elliptical shape of in-plane critical magnetic field ${H}_{c2}$. Because threefol...

In this paper, we study the root distributions of Ehrhart polynomials free sums certain reflexive polytopes. We investigate cases where roots $A_d^\vee$'s or $A_d$'s lie on canonical line $\mathrm{Re}(z)=-\frac{1}{2}$ complex plane $\mathbb{C}$, $A_d$ denotes polytope type A dimension $d$ and $A_d^\vee$ its polar dual. For example, it is proved that $A_m^\vee \oplus A_n^\vee$ with $\min\{m,n\} ...

This work presents the first projection-free algorithm to solve stochastic bi-level optimization problems, where objective function depends on solution of another problem. The proposed $\textbf{S}$tochastic $\textbf{Bi}$-level $\textbf{F}$rank-$\textbf{W}$olfe ($\textbf{SBFW}$) can be applied streaming settings and does not make use large batches or checkpoints. sample complexity SBFW is shown ...

We demonstrated that Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus replicated in and adapted rapidly to human diploid cell strain WI-38. Peak titers of approximately 10(9.8) mouse intracerebral 50% lethal doses were obtained at low passage levels in Eagles basal medium supplemented with calf serum. VEE virus replicated poorly in serum-free medium. Propagation of VEE virus was accompanied by t...

Electromagnetic waves reflected from and transmitted through the multilayer nanoresonators including main layer made of a bi-isotropic material or metamaterial sandwiched between dielectric, epsilon-near-zero metallic spacer layers have been analytically modeled. The numerical graphical analysis, based on exact solution electromagnetic boundary problem, confirms opportunities to use such as utr...

The efficacy of Formalin-inactivated Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) vaccine has been reported to be low for man. Although a live VEE vaccine has been shown to be highly effective for the protection of laboratory workers, local and systemic reactions have occurred in approximately 20% of inoculated individuals. Therefore, studies were initiated in an attempt to produce an inactivated vacci...