Winfried Zimdahl∗ Fakultät für Physik, Universität Konstanz, PF 5560 M678 D-78457 Konstanz, Germany Departament de F́ısica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain and Laboratoire de Gravitation et Cosmologie Relativistes, Université Pierre et Marie CurieCNRS/URA 769 Tour 22, 4ème étage, Bôıte 142, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France (December 2, 1997)

Recent theories postulate that the non-equilibrium behavior of systems experiencing jamming or structural arrest could be described by equilibrium thermodynamic concepts. If a thermodynamic framework can describe the behavior of systems far from equilibrium, then an effective temperature with a true thermodynamic meaning exists as a key parameter in characterizing the material's properties. In ...

Evolution of non-equilibrium systems towards equilibrium is governed by the second law of thermodynamics. For example, in the previous section we showed that for an adia­ batically isolated system entropy must increase in any spontaneous change and reaches a maximum in equilibrium. What about out of equilibrium systems that are not adiabati­ cally isolated and which may also be subject to exter...

Evolution of non-equilibrium systems towards equilibrium is governed by the second law of thermodynamics. For example, in the previous section we showed that for an adiabatically isolated system entropy must increase in any spontaneous change and reaches a maximum in equilibrium. What about out of equilibrium systems that are not adiabatically isolated and which may also be subject to external ...

The nonadditive thermodynamic formalism is a generalization of the classical thermodynamic formalism, in which the topological pressure of a single function φ is replaced by the topological pressure of a sequence of functions Φ = (φn)n. The theory also includes a variational principle for the topological pressure, although with restrictive assumptions on Φ. Our main objective is to provide a ne...

Corn cob as a low cost adsorbent was used in the present work for the removal of toxic heavy metal Co2+ from aqueous solutions. Bath experiments were used to determine the best adsorption conditions. The equilibrium adsorption level was determined as a function of solution pH, temperature (T), contact time (tc), initial adsorbate concentration, and adsorbent dosage. Effective removal of metal i...

The present-day atmosphere is in a unique state far from thermodynamic equilibrium. This uniqueness is for instance reflected in the high concentration of molecular oxygen and the low relative humidity in the atmosphere. Given that the concentration of atmospheric oxygen has likely increased throughout Earth-system history, we can ask whether this trend can be generalized to a trend of Earth-sy...

the main goal of this study is to investigate the capability of zeolites a and p synthesized from iranian natural clinoptilolite for uranium uptak. the removal of uranium(vi) from aqueous solution via ion exchange by zeolites in a single component system with various contact times,  temperatures and initial concentrations of uranium(vi) was investigated. the experimental results were fitted to ...