Silicon microphotonics has emerged as the leading technology to overcome the interconnect bottleneck that limits a further increase of computation power following Moore's law. Optical interconnects between different electronic microprocessors in an electronic-photonic integrated circuit (EPIC) can provide a fast, low-loss and highbandwidth alternative to electrical interconnects, which suffer f...

Lasers represent a real quantum leap forward in the treatment of our patients, including the paediatric patient. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gave approval for the use of the Er: YAG laser in 1997 for both hardand soft-tissue procedures. The erbium doped (erbium particles placed within the YAG crystal) crystal of Yttrium-AluminumGarnet’s (Er:YAG) development and success has made th...

This paper presents a study of multi-core erbium doped couplers as an alternative to conventional erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. The couplers can reduce the power unbalance between WDM channels along an optical communication link. Different configurations of couplers are analyzed and the influence of the number of cores is studied.

Erbium-doped aluminum oxide amplifiers with varying erbium concentration have been fabricated on thermally oxidized silicon substrates. Significant net internal gain of up to 1.6 dB/cm has been measured at 1533 nm for the optimum Er concentration. Furthermore, net gain has been demonstrated over a wavelength range of 40 nm, including the telecom C-band, demonstrating the potential for amplifier...

In this study, we report on the transient response of a passively mode-locked erbium fiber ring laser as studied by switching the optical pumping of the erbium doped fiber on and off. We confirm that the laser can maintain its mode-locking state even while the pump is modulated, and describe the laser behavior and its typical transient response upon abrupt changes in the intensity of the optica...

Lasing from an erbium-doped high-Q silica toroidal microcavity coupled to a tapered optical fiber is demonstrated and analyzed. Average erbium ion concentrations were in the range 0.009–0.09 at. %, and a threshold power as low as 4.5 mW and an output lasing power as high as 39.4 mW are obtained from toroidal cavities with major diameters in the range 25–80 mm. Controlling lasing wavelength in a...

We reported a type-I difference-frequency generator (DFG), based on erbium doped GaSe (Er:GaSe) crystals as a coherent infrared source tunable from 2.4 mum to 28 mum. The two mixing beams used for the DFG are a tunable near infrared output (1.1-1.8 mum) from an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) and the fundamental beam of a picosecond Nd:YAG laser at 1.064 mum. The system can produce a maximum...

The two-cord retraction technique is used for troughing around a crown to achieve biologic width. This technique can cause significant discomfort for the patient and offers several potential clinical disadvantages for the dentist, of which unpredictable tissue recession is the most significant. The clinical case presented in this article compares the use of the standard two-cord retraction tech...

Aluminum master alloys with rare earth metals are widely studied by many scientists around the world, but research on production of Al-Er is still limited. The purpose this work to study microstructure parameters aluminum-erbium obtained metallothermic reduction salt mixtures containing erbium oxide or fluoride. structural features were investigated optical and scanning electron microscopy, dep...