Detecting a small molecular-weight compound by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) requires the compound to obtain a charge. Factors such as gas-phase proton affinities and analyte surface activity are correlated with a positive ESI-MS response, but unfortunately it is extremely challenging to predict from a chemical structure alone if a compound is likely to yield an observable ...

Reduced flow rate electrospray ionization has been proven to provide improved sensitivity, less background noise, and improved limits of detections for ESI-MS analysis. Miniaturizing the ESI source from conventional electrospray to microelectrospray and further down to nanoelectrospray has resulted in higher and higher sensitivity; however, when effects of flow rate were investigated for atmosp...

We report here the development of a corona discharge (CD) initiated electrochemical (EC) electrospray ionization (ESI) technique using a standard electrospray ion source. This is a new ionization technique distinct from ESI, electrochemistry inherent to ESI, APCI, and techniques using hydroxyl radicals produced under atmospheric pressure conditions. By maximizing the observable CD at the tip of...

We present a specialization inheritance mechanism for a strongly typed object-oriented language, called Enhanced Strict Inheritance (ESI). It is a mechanism of classi cation in which the subclassing relation between classes re ects the subtyping relationship between the corresponding types. The de nition of ESI is based on a covariant rede nition rule for methods. ESI is modeled via the &ESI-ca...

Electrical source imaging (ESI) from interictal scalp EEG is increasingly validated and used as a valuable tool in the presurgical evaluation of epilepsy as a reflection of the irritative zone. ESI of ictal scalp EEG to localize the seizure onset zone (SOZ) remains challenging. We investigated the value of an approach for ictal imaging using ESI and functional connectivity analysis (FC). Ictal ...

OBJECTIVE To estimate and compare radiation exposure and intervention time during lumbar epidural steroid injection (ESI) 1) under different practitioners and methods with continuous fluoroscopic monitoring, and 2) under one practitioner with different methods and monitoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS We consecutively recruited 804 patients who underwent lumbar ESI and 759 patients who underwent ...

Background:Thermal stress may have numerous harmful effects on human health. This study aimed at investigating thermal stress in the city of Kerman, Iran. Methods:In this descriptive-analytical study, thermal stress was assessed from 6 AM to 9 PM in 2016 using four thermal stress indices including wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), environmental stress index (...

Different reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) columns of conventional dimensions were coupled to an ultraviolet photodiode array detector (UV-DAD) and a magnetic sector-type spectrometer, equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source, by a laboratory-made flow splitter. A mixture of three flavonoid-O-glycosides was employed to examine the effects of the solvent composition, the fl...

Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine is the preferred diagnostic tool for pathologic conditions affecting the spine. However, in patients receiving epidural corticosteroid injection (ESI) for treatment of spinal diseases, there is a possibility of misreading of MR images because of air or fluid in the epidural space after the injection. Therefore, we defined the characterist...