An analytical procedure was developed that enables routine analysis of four estrogenic hormones in concentrations below 1 ng/l in surface water and waste water. The recovery was 88-98% with a limit of detection of 0.1-2.4 ng/l depending on the compound and the matrix measured. This method was used to determine the occurrence of 17 beta-estradiol, 17 alpha-estradiol, estrone and 17 alpha-ethinyl...

The emerging pollutants paracetamol, fluoxetine and ethinylestradiol are inefficiently removed by conventional wastewater treatments, entering in aquatic environments which they hazardous. Aiming for the obtention of bacteria with capacity environmental bioremediation, eight were isolated from two consortia recovered Hymedesmia versicolor Filograna implexa marine organisms exhibited a high-para...

This study aimed to determine endocrine disruptors in urbanized rivers Maracanã and Mangue Channel Rio de Janeiro the second most populated city Brazil. Bisphenol A, 17β-estradiol, estriol, 17α-ethinylestradiol were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector fluorescence In addition, evaluation of estrogenic activity was performed YES bioassay (Yeast estrog...

The present study reports the results obtained after analysis of thermal stability and decomposition kinetics widely used synthetic derivative estradiol, ethinylestradiol (EE), as a pure active pharmaceutical ingredient. As investigational tools, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), analysis, modeling EE were employed. kinetic was realized using three methods, namely Kissinger, Fri...

The adsorption properties and mechanics of selected endocrine disrupting compounds; 17 β-estradiol, 17 α – ethinylestradiol and bisphenol A on locally available black tea leaves waste and granular activated carbon were investigated. The results obtained indicated that the kinetics of adsorption were pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and temperature dependent with equilibrium being reached at 20 ...

Ethinylestradiol (EE) is one of the key constituents of oral contraceptives. Major metabolites of EE in humans are the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, EE-3-O-glucuronide (EE-G) and EE-3-O-sulfate (EE-S). In the present study, transport of EE-G and EE-S by the human multidrug resistance proteins MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3 was investigated using inside-out membrane vesicles, isolated from Sf9 cells...

OBJECTIVE To compare complications of third and second generation oral contraceptive pills (OCPs). METHODS In a randomized clinical trial from October 2007 to October 2008, 100 healthy women of reproductive age referred to Amir Hospital Family Planning Clinic and some heath centers in Semnan, Iran were randomized in 2 equal groups. They received either a third generation OCP (150 microgram de...

17α-ethinylestradiol (EE) undergoes extensive conjugation to 17α-ethinylestradiol-3-O-glucuronide (EEG) and 17α-ethinylestradiol-3-O-sulfate (EES). Thus, oral contraceptive drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies usually characterize metabolite pharmacokinetics, with changes typically attributed to modulation of metabolism. EE passively diffuses through plasma membranes, but its conjugates are hydr...

BACKGROUND Low-dose combined oral contraceptives (COCs) can interfere with bone mass acquisition during adolescence. This study aimed to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in female adolescents taking a standard low-dose COC (ethinylestradiol 20 μg/desogestrel 150 μg) over a 1-year period and to compare their data with those of healthy adolescents from the same a...

Exposure of human fetuses to man-made estrogenic chemicals can occur through several sources. For example, fetal exposure to ethinylestradiol occurs because each year approximately 3% of women taking oral contraceptives become pregnant. Exposure to the estrogenic chemical bisphenol A occurs through food and beverages because of significant leaching from polycarbonate plastic products and the li...