The concentration values of direct and indirect biomarkers of ethanol consumption were detected in blood (indirect) or hair (direct) samples from a pool of 125 individuals classified as either chronic (i.e. positive) and non-chronic (i.e. negative) alcohol drinkers. These experimental values formed the dataset under examination (Table 1). Indirect biomarkers included: aspartate transferase (AST...

tive Urinary Ethyl Glucuronide but Not Ethyl Sulfate in the Detection of Recent Alcohol Consumption, Anders Helander and Helen Dahl (Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; * address correspondence to this author at: Alcohol Laboratory, L7:03, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; fax 46-8-51771532, e-ma...

Alcohol is a human carcinogen. A causal link has been established between alcohol drinking and cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, colon, liver and breast. Despite this established association, the underlying mechanisms of alcohol-induced carcinogenesis remain unclear. Various mechanisms may come into play depending on the type of cancer; however, convincing evidence supports the concept ...

Biodiesel is a renewable liquid fuel that can be produced by a transesterification reaction between a vegetable oil and an alcohol. This paper evaluates and optimizes the production of ethyl esters (biodiesel) from soybean oil and ethanol. The reaction was carried out by applying ultrasound under atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate the...

Ethyl alcohol is one of the United States and world's major chemicals. Beverage alcohol in the United States must be prepared from cereal grains or other natural products. The U.S. industrial alcohol market has remained relatively stable for several years at approximately 300 million gallons annually. Most of this has been produced synthetically from petroleum raw material (gas and oil). These ...

2. Fusel or fousel oil is a term generally applied to amylio alcohol, but practically fusel oil is a mixture of several homologous alcohols ; homologous being an expression employed in organic chemistry to denote a series of compounds each member of which differs from the preceding one by an addition of CH2. 3. The fermentation of pure sugar yields ethyl alcohol, ordinary spirits of wine, and g...

The article presents the results of adaptation spectral-luminescent method for establishing alcohol nature regarding liquids a non-industrial manufacturing based on rectified ethyl alcohol, which are prevailing objects submitted forensic examination materials, substances, and products alcohol-containing liquids. authors describe particularities sample preparation, calculation formulas, limitati...

Of the various chemical methods described in the literature for the determination of ethyl alcohol (1) the majority are based upon the oxidation of the alcohol to acetic acid by means of potassium dichromate in the presence of a high concentration of sulfuric acid. Typical of these methods are the ones devised by Widmark (2) and by Nicloux (3). Widmark reports that it is not possible to calcula...

Since a significant fraction of the population are heavy consumers of ethanol, and recent postmortem studies suggest that most alcoholics have some degree of cardiac abnormality, elucidation of the basis for alcoholic cardiomyopathy is of some importance. Intoxicating amounts of ethanol depress ventricular function acutely and effect leakage of myocardial cell components. On the basis of studie...