background: we aimed to evaluate the levels of social support in patients with postoperative esophageal carcinoma and potential effect of social support on generic and ec-specific quality of life. methods: overall, 803 chinese patients with ec were recruited in the high-incidence region- linzhou in henan, china for the observation study. we obtained data on european organization for research an...

An editorial written by Fritz Stertz et al. in 2002 and pubished in this journal was one of the first to highlight concerns bout the introduction of a new European Union (EU) clinical trils directive (Clinical Trials Directive 2001/20/EC) particularly for esearch in emergency settings.1 The directive sought “to simplify nd harmonize the administrative provisions governing clinical rials in the ...

There is no more important global economic public policy today than that of economic integration. In every major region of the world, governments are pushing economic groupings that are common markets or have the potential to become such instruments of economic integration. The European Community (EC) is moving through this year, popularly called EC 92, towards 1 January, 1993, when it should h...

The present investigations were performed to assess the feasibility of an international round robin on biological samples, to assess the overall performance of toxicological laboratories in the European Community (EC) and the applicability of analytical methods used. Twelve laboratories representing 10 member countries within the Community, which could be considered to be well qualified for thi...

‘eGovernment for You’ (EGOV4U) was a European Commission (EC) funded project developed to pilot models of multi-channel, public and community e-services designed to tackle social exclusion and disadvantage through a range of initiatives delivered by five project partners from a variety of European countries. Project evaluation employed a theory driven approach and the use of mixed methods for d...

‘eGovernment for You’ (EGOV4U) was a European Commission (EC) funded project developed to pilot models of multi-channel, public and community e-services designed to tackle social exclusion and disadvantage through a range of initiatives delivered by five project partners from a variety of European countries. Project evaluation employed a theory driven approach and the use of mixed methods for d...

T HE European Union, or the European Community (EC) as it continues to be called in the WTO parlance, has had the most extensive network of preferential trade areas (PTAs) of any WTO member. Prior to the current wave of PTAs, christened ‘New Regionalism’ by Bhagwati (1993), the EC was a participant to half of such arrangements. Thus, according to the WTO list current at the time of writing, a t...

Acquisitions, mergers and other business agreements are facing increasing regulatory scrutiny, even when they are among firms domiciled outside the territory of the regulatory authorities. Some noteworthy recent examples involve mergers between American firms that were prohibited by regulators from the European Commission. Reciprocation by regulators from other jurisdictions seems a likely futu...

The KKS-Network, which is the German network of academic clinical trial units, welcomes the Public Consultation Paper of the European Commission concerning the Revision of the Clinical Trials Directive 2001/20/EC. We are grateful to be able to provide input into the current discussion process. Furthermore, we very much appreciate, that the comments of the academic clinical research community wh...