Renal failure result in accumulation of nitrogenous waste in the body it is reversible in acute renal failure and irreversible deterioration of renal function leading to progressive destruction of nephrons in chronic renal failure (CRF). There is uremia, hyponatremia, hypertension and fluid retention in CRF causes direct and indirect effect on the inner ear including audiovestibular apparatus. ...

When conventional behavioural audiometry is difficult or impossible, or when its results are inaccurate or suspect, there is a need for more objective hearing tests. Candidates for such tests include young infants, uncooperative, hyperactive, or neurologically impaired children, and those suspected of non-organic hearing loss. The usual goal is to approximate pure tone thresholds, using some me...

Background:Post meningitis hearing impairment is an important public health problem. Neonatal cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates future life. An consequence loss. Hearing plays a basic role language, speech intellectual development. Late detection causes irreversible stunting the language development potential child. Early intervention would help to maximize linguistic competence lite...