BACKGROUND The frequent outbreak of environmental threats in China has resulted in increased criticism regarding the health effects of China's urbanization. Urbanization is a double-edged sword with regard to health in China. Although great efforts have been made to investigate the mechanisms through which urbanization influences health, the effect of both economic development and urbanization ...

Although China has experienced a booming development of urbanization since reform and opening-up, China's urbanization level is currently overestimated, which is mainly reflected by the large portion of agricultural population who cannot enjoy the benefits of urban residents contained in China’s urban population. This paper elucidates the problems arising in China's urbanization process and pro...

This article focuses on the urbanizing impact of post-millennial mineral boom at artisanal and small-scale (ASM) or large-scale (LSM) mining sites in three mineral-rich countries, involving gold Ghana, diamonds Angola, both minerals Tanzania. The focus is comparing agency miners other residents migrating to, settling in, making site habitable. Their mobility settlement patterns reveal an urbani...

There have been extensive studies exploring the relationship between agglomeration economies and economic growth. However, far less attention is paid to the nonlinear relationship of urbanization economies–firm productivity nexus, especially in developing countries. This paper aims to explore how urbanization economies impact the total factor productivity (TFP) of research and development (R&D)...

Urbanization involves the profound alteration of original habitats and causes habitat loss biodiversity decline. This study aims to clarify response ground beetle communities effect urbanization in southern Osaka, Japan. In total, 2950 individuals from 53 species were collected nine urban green areas. The categories land use regarding sites determined based on GIS data. community index was not ...

The relationship between urbanization and economic growth has been perplexing. In this paper, we identify the pattern of global change and the correlation of urbanization and economic growth, using cross-sectional, panel estimation and geographic information systems (GIS) methods. The analysis has been carried out on a global geographical scale, while the timescale of the study spans the last 3...

On 16 March 2014, the State Council of China launched its first urbanization planning initiative dubbed “National New Urbanization Planning (2014–2020)” (NNUP). NNUP put forward 20 urban agglomerations and a sustainable development approach aiming to transform traditional Chinese urbanization to sustainable new urbanization. This study quantitatively evaluates the level of sustainability of the...

The spatial mismatch between population growth and settlement expansion is at the base of current models urban growth. Empirical evidence increasingly required to inform planning measures promoting containment in context a stable (or declining) population. In these regards, per-capita indicators land-use change can be adopted with aim evaluating long-term sustainability urbanization processes. ...

This paper investigates the potential causal relationship(s) between China's urbanization and income inequality since the start of the economic reform. Based on the economic theory of urbanization and income distribution, we analyze the annual time series of China's urbanization rate and Gini index from 1978 to 2014. The results show that urbanization has an immediate alleviating effect on inco...

Urbanization profoundly alters biological systems; yet the predictability of responses to urbanization based on key biological traits, the repeatability of these patterns among cities, and how the impact of urbanization on biological systems varies as a function of background climatic conditions remain unknown. We use insects as a focal system to review the major patterns of responses to urbani...