Recently genetic studies have been revolutionized by next generation sequencing (NGS) technology, and it is expected that the use of this technology will largely eliminate defects in the methods of association studies. The NGS technology is becoming the premier tool in genetics. However, at the moment the use of this method is limited especially in the livestock due to high cost and computation...

BACKGROUND The vacuum assisted closure (VAC) therapy has revolutionized the modern wound care. We developed a new concept of ‘VAC at home’ in order to decrease the hospital cost. METHODS The study was conducted in a private hospital from January 2009 to December 2010. Only those patients were included among whom the wounds were not complicated by concomitant injury and the patients were othe...

Information asymmetry in stock market can increase the risk of investment which in turn increases the capital cost of firms. Bhattacharya (1979) proposed a hypothesis that states dividend can act as a powerful signal in order to solve information asymmetry problem. We measured information asymmetry by lack of earnings transparency. Therefore we examine the effect of earnings transparency on cap...

Consider an infinite binary search tree in which the branches have independent random costs. Suppose that we must find an optimal (cheapest) or nearly optimal path from the root to a node at depth n. Karp and Pearl [1983] show that a bounded-lookahead backtracking algorithm A2 usually finds a nearly optimal path in linear expected time (when the costs take only the values 0 or 1). From this suc...

In this paper, we discuss the concept of the expected opportunity cost of a potentially incorrect selection as a measure of selection quality on a new selection procedure that is used to selecting the top m systems for large scale problems. This procedure is used the ordinal optimization method to reduce the size of the search space, and then it is used the idea of computing budget allocation O...

generally ordering policies are done by two methods, including fix order quantity (foq) and fix order period (fop). these methods are static and either the quantity of ordering or the procedure of ordering is fixing in throughout time horizon. in real environments, demand is varying in any period and may be considered as uncertainty. when demand is variable in any period, the traditional and st...