This paper revives old descriptive data on Awa, a Papuan language of the Kainantu group. The tonal system was described in detail by Loving (1973), where he reports a series of toneless noun suffixes, falling into six classes depending on their tonal alternations when combined with a noun root. This paper demonstrates that the suffixes are best understood as carrying lexical tone; the alternati...

The effects of a memory load on syntactic processing by younger and older adults were examined. Participants were asked to remember a noun phrase (NP) memory load while they read sentences varying in syntactic complexity. Two types of NPs were used as memory loads: proper names or definite descriptions referring to occupations or roles. The NPs used in the sentence and memory load either matche...

This technical report introduces three sets of annotation guidelines for the analysis of compounds in Afrikaans and Dutch. The first protocol serves the annotation of compound boundaries when creating a dataset to use for compound segmentation. The second and third protocol serve the semantic annotation of the relation between the constituents of compounds. Where the second protocol only focuse...

This paper addresses the problem of learning the class of raising verbs (e.g seem). These verbs are potentially problematic for learners in that unlike typical main verbs these verbs do not stand in a semantic relation with any Noun Phrase (NP) arguments. Moreover, a second class of verbs, known as control verbs, shares certain distributional properties with raising verbs, but the two verb clas...

one of the important discussions in the science of principles of jurisprudence is generalization and restriction. implication of generality from proper nouns and sentences is through premises of wisdom. there are different viewpoints about generic nouns in terms of conventionality of their reference to generality or their being based . on premises of wisdom, like proper nouns and sentences. pre...

In numerous languages determiner forms depend not only on semantic information but also on several other kinds of information, such as the grammatical gender of the controlling noun or the phonological properties of the context. In the present research we contrasted two possible accounts of determiner retrieval: one in which every type of required information is bundled into a unitized represen...

While many investigations of number in linguistic and conceptual development have focused attention on how and when number words are acquired (Carey, 2004; Fuson, 1988; Gelman & Gallistel, 1978; Wynn, 1990, 1992; inter alia), and, to a lesser extent, what children have to learn about the interaction of number words with other elements in the syntax and semantics (cf. Musolino, 2004, 2009), the ...

objectives : the study was designed to investigate the impairment of the ability to discriminate between nouns and verbs, resulting from the damage to the left-hemisphere, a condition which could lead to linguistic disorders proportionate to the depth and extent of the damage. various experimental and clinical investigations have demonstrated that nouns and verbs may, independent of one another...