Block of the channel of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors by external Mg(2+) (Mg(o)(2+)) has broad implications for the many physiological and pathological processes that depend on NMDA receptor activation. An essential property of channel block by Mg(o)(2+) is its powerful voltage dependence. A widely cited explanation for the strength of the voltage dependence of block is that the Mg(o)(2...

Micro piezoelectric vibration generator with high energy density may provide infinite and continuous energy for wireless sensor network. In order to improve generating capacity under given dimension, aiming at external force and displacement incentive environment, mathematics model of piezoelectric cantilever generator generating capacity are established, and influence law of unimorph and bimor...

Students were presented with a module on circuits in text and diagram format only (control-text condition), text and diagram with an animation of the voltage and currents in parts of series and parallel circuits (partial external visual representation condition), or they were given the an animation of the voltage and current throughout the entire circuit (full external visual representation con...

this paper presents an indirect adaptive system based on neuro-fuzzy approximators for the speed control of induction motors. the uncertainty including parametric variations, the external load disturbance and unmodeled dynamics is estimated and compensated by designing neuro-fuzzy systems. the contribution of this paper is presenting a stability analysis for neuro-fuzzy speed control of inducti...

Depolarization of membrane potential by high external K+ activates Ca2+ influx via voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in GH4C1 cells (Tan, K.-N., and Tashjian, A. H., Jr. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 418-426). The involvement of this channel in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) action on prolactin (PRL) release was assessed by comparing the pharmacological characteristics of TRH-induced PRL releas...

This paper presents differential frequency-to-voltage (F/V) and voltage-to-frequency (V/F) converters employing single CMOS Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA) device. The proposed electronic circuits are based on charge-balance conversion method. The F/V converter basically consists of analogue comparator, differentiator that detects the rising and falling edges of the shaped waveform, volt...

Squid giant axons, internally and externally perfused with solutions having potassium as the only cation, exhibit an approximately linear steady-state current-voltage relation. When small amounts of calcium and magnesium are present in the external potassium solution, the current-voltage curve is markedly nonlinear, exhibiting the rectification and negative resistance which have been observed f...

Using the voltage-multiplying circuits of chemolitho-autotrophic Fe-oxidizing bacteria (Mariprofundus ferrooxydans), we describe an integrated bioelectrochemical system that affords simultaneous CO2 reduction and H2O oxidation at an external voltage of less than 1.24 V.