During apoptosis, phosphatidylserine (PS), normally restricted to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, is exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells and serves as an 'eat-me' signal to trigger phagocytosis. It is poorly understood how PS exposure is activated in apoptotic cells. Here we report that CED-8, a Caenorhabditis elegans protein implicated in controlling the kinetics of apoptosis a...

Extracellular pools of intracellular molecular chaperones are increasingly evident. The peri/epicellular(pec) pool of the endoplasmic reticulum redox chaperone protein disulfide isomerase-A1(PDI) is involved in thrombosis and vascular remodeling, while PDI externalization routes remain elusive. In endothelial cells, vesicular-type PDI secretion involves classical and unconventional pathways, wh...

Advanced glycation end products (AGE) are substantially elevated in individuals with diabetes and/or chronic kidney disease (CKD). These patients are at greatly increased risk of cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study was to investigate the novel hypothesis that AGE elicit externalization of the platelet membrane phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS). This contributes to hemostasis thr...

Viruses constitute paradigms to study conformational dynamics in biomacromolecular assemblies. Infection by the parvovirus MVM (minute virus of mice) requires a conformational rearrangement that involves the intracellular externalization through capsid channels of the 2Nt (N-terminal region of VP2). We have investigated the role in this process of conserved glycine residues in an extended glyci...

Galectin-4 is a cytosolic protein that lacks a signal sequence but is externalized and binds to 3-O-sulfated glycoconjugates extracellularly. The mechanism of subcellular localization and externalization of galectin-4 has not yet been determined. A preliminary experiment using pervanadate (PV) showed that galectin-4 is tyrosine-phosphorylated in cells and suggested that Src kinases are involved...

High-amplitude, MV/m, nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) have been hypothesized to cause nanoporation of the plasma membrane. Phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization has been observed on the outer leaflet of the membrane shortly after nsPEF exposure, suggesting local structural changes in the membrane. In this study, we utilized fluorescently-tagged Annexin V to observe the externalizati...

BACKGROUND Previous findings have shown that humans can learn to localize with altered auditory space cues. Here we analyze such learning processes and their effects up to one month on both localization accuracy and sound externalization. Subjects were trained and retested, focusing on the effects of stimulus type in learning, stimulus type in localization, stimulus position, previous experienc...

Purified sarcolemmal and light vesicle (intracellular) fractions of/3-adrenergic receptors were used to examine the effects of propranolol on receptor translocation in guinea pig heart. Guinea pigs were given propranolol (0.15 mg/kg/hr) via minipumps for 7 days and either killed or made ischemic for 1 hour via a coronary ligature. Propranolol treatment led to an externalization of ̂ -receptors f...

Purified sarcolemmal and light vesicle (intracellular) fractions of beta-adrenergic receptors were used to examine the effects of propranolol on receptor translocation in guinea pig heart. Guinea pigs were given propranolol (0.15 mg/kg/hr) via minipumps for 7 days and either killed or made ischemic for 1 hour via a coronary ligature. Propranolol treatment led to an externalization of beta-recep...

PURPOSE To describe a modified technique of haptic externalization during repositioning of dislocated posterior chamber lens implants, which facilitates placement of scleral fixation sutures around the haptic for implant stabilization. METHODS We describe a technique of repositioning a dislocated posterior chamber implant with scleral fixation sutures, which uses a small, clear corneal incisi...