Complex maxillofacial deformations continue to present challenges in analysis, planning and correction beyond modern technology. The purpose of this paper is to present a virtual reality environment for surgeons to perform virtual orthognathic surgical planning in three dimensions. A surgical planning system, “PC-based virtual reality surgical simulation for orthognathic surgery” (VRSSOS), cons...

OBJECTIVE To identify the right and left difference of the facial soft tissue landmarks three-dimensionally from the subjects of normal occlusion individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cone-beam computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained in 48 normal occlusion adults (24 men, 24 women), and reconstructed into 3-dimensional (3D) models by using a 3D image soft ware. 3D position of 27 soft tissue...

BACKGROUND Facial soft tissue injury can be one of the most challenging cases presenting to the plastic surgeon. The life quality and self-esteem of the patients with facial injury may be compromised temporarily or permanently. Immediate reconstruction of most defects leads to better restoration of form and function as well as early rehabilitation. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to pres...

objectives: this study was designed to assess the changes of the mandible of patients who underwent orthodontic treatment with or without extraction of four premolars. materials and methods: eighteen class i bimaxillary protrusion patients treated with extraction of four first premolars and retraction of anterior teeth and 18 class i non-extraction patients with a mean age of 16.38±0.4 years we...

Abstract Soft tissue injuries of the head and neck are a common reason for medical evaluation treatment in pediatric populations with some unique important considerations when compared adults. The incidence type continue to evolve adoption new safety measures, technology advancements, education general population. goal this article is provide reader thorough understanding management soft trauma...

The longitudinal growth and development of the soft tissue drape for boys and girls with long and short vertical patterns was examined from age 7 to 17 years. The sample was taken from the Denver Growth Study and consisted of 32 subjects who were selected on the basis of their percentage of lower anterior vertical face height. All subjects were of northern European ancestry, and none had underg...

Many 3-dimensional (3D) techniques have been utilized to register and analyze the face in 3 dimensions, but each system has its own merits and disadvantages. C3D is a relatively new 3D imaging system that was developed to capture the 3D geometry of the face. Landmark identification on 3D facial models is facilitated by a software-based facial analysis tool developed by the authors. The reproduc...

Many 3-dimensional (3D) techniques have been utilized to register and analyze the face in 3 dimensions, but each system has its own merits and disadvantages. C3D is a relatively new 3D imaging system that was developed to capture the 3D geometry of the face. Landmark identification on 3D facial models is facilitated by a software-based facial analysis tool developed by the authors. The reproduc...

The soft tissues covering the face play an important role in facial aesthetics, speech and function. Detailed soft tissue analysis is an important component of comprehensive diagnosis and treatment planning. A balance between the dental and the perioral muscles must be achieved to attain stability of the treatment outcome. The aim of the study was to compare soft tissue facial profile between s...