Much has been written about institutional differences between European and North American labor markets, and about their role in determining the large and persistent differences between the unemployment rates in Europe and US over the last fifteen-twenty years. The objective of this paper is to answer the question: why have these differences in labor market flexibility emerged and why do they p...

I study the impact of idiosyncratic risk on savings and employment in a small open economy populated by two-member families. Families incur a fixed cost of participation when both members are employed. Because of market incompleteness and information asymmetries, this cost coupled with labor market frictions can generate multiple equilibria. In particular, there might be one equilibrium with hi...

It is hypothesized that labor availability and related low levels of demand for women in agricultural work explain the high incidence of nuclear family formation in some Caribbean slave societies, as well as occasional high birth rates. Three paired comparisons, reflecting differing levels of labor supply, are examine: The Leewards and the Bahamas; Martinique and Barbados; and Cuba and Jamaica....

BACKGROUND: This study examines the impact of mental illness on the labor market performance of family members of afflicted individuals. Numerous research projects have attempted to measure the impact of mental illness and related disorders on the ill individual, yet have traditionally neglected estimating potential costs accruing to family members of the ill. AIMS OF THE STUDY: Previous resear...

In Germany, individuals in need of long-term care receive support through benefits of the long-term care insurance. A central goal of the insurance is to support informal care provided by family members. Care recipients can choose between benefits in kind (formal home care services) and benefits in cash. From a budgetary perspective, family care is often considered a cost-saving alternative to ...

In Nigeria, most farming activities rely on family labor. However, rural-urban drift and the movement of young people away from agriculture are making labor increasingly pause. Thus, labor has become a major constraint to expanding the scope of production by small-scale resource poor farmers. This paper provides an empirical relationship between labor and poverty using data from households. Thr...

There are considerable differences in gender unemployment gaps across the EU. We use labor force survey data on 21 countries to perform a series of data decompositions and show that the cross-country variation in gender unemployment gaps is primarily driven by the differences in female labor force participation behavior after childbirth, namely, the family leave duration and the subsequent atta...

BACKGROUND Current practice guidelines recommend active management of the third stage of labor. We compared practices of three maternity care provider disciplines in management of third-stage labor and the justifications for their approach. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional survey of maternity practitioners in usual practice settings in British Columbia. All 199 obstetricians, all 82 mi...